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The events that take place in sexual reproduction of an organism can be described as follows:1. Pre-fertilization events. Fertilization3. Post-fertilization events 1. Pre-fertilization events: ADVERTISEMENTS: It includes all those events that take place before the fusion of gametes. These are:Events in sexual reproduction(a) Gametogenesis(b) Gamete transfer ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Gametogenesis: It is the process of formation of gametes by sexually mature (parent) individual. There are two individuals (parents) of opposite sex involved in sexual reproduction. Therefore, two types of gametes are produced by individuals, i.e. male gamete and female gamete.Gamete-> Male gamete- These are often called sperms or anthropoids in (plants).Female gametes-> these are often called egg/ovum. ADVERTISEMENTS: It happens in heterogametes.In homogametes. The two gametes are so similar in appearance that it is not easily possible to identify them as…

Suggestions for Proper Socialization of the Students are given below:1. Children may be taken from time to time to public places like museums, courts, places of historical importance etc.2. People engaged in different economic activi­ties or vocations may be invited to school for giving a faithful description of what they do and how useful their work is to the nation. This will enable the children to be acquainted, with those around them in the society. This will also develop vocational socialization in children. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Work experience should be introduced in schools. This will enable the children to have first hand experiences of the activities pursued in farms and factories.4. Children should be acquainted with the social events like the celebration of the birthdays of leaders.5. The school or college…

Legal Provisions of Section 306 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Tender of pardon to accomplice:Section 306 deals with the tender of pardon to an accomplice. The object of this section is to allow pardon to be tendered in cases where the grave offence is alleged to have been committed by several persons so that with the aid of the evidence of the person pardoned, the offence could be brought to the rest. ADVERTISEMENTS: The gravity of the offence is to be determined with reference to the sentence awardable with respect to that offence. Such tendering of conditional pardon to the accomplice enables the Court to know the fullest details about the cases where it is otherwise impossible to establish the guilt of the accused from other evidence .It…

Balban was a despotic ruler and the reestablishment of the prestige of the crown was the immediate need before him. He streng­thened absolute monarchy by suppressing all opposition. He tried to create a halo of superiority around him and declared himself a descendant of Afrasiyab dynasty. He exploited the religious feelings of the people in order to strengthen his position.Professor K. A. Nizami is not of the opinion that as Balban was a freeman nor connected with royal-family, did he suffer from inferiority complex due to his guilty conscience. In the words of Nizami, “The absence of any reference to his manumission in the pages of Minhaj-us-Siraj and Barani is significant and perhaps, he was not manumitted and this basic legal disqualification to rule over the people, he tried to…

There are four methods in the Traditional Approaches to Study Politics e.g. 1. Philosophical, 2. Historical, 3. Legal, 4. Institutional. 1. Philosophical: i. Oldest approach ADVERTISEMENTS: ii. Identified with names and preferencesiii. Contemporary exponent is Leo Strauss, Lindsay Image Source: cla.purdue.edu 2. Historical: i. used in two senses1. Arriving at laws through analysis of events of past as found in writings of Hegel, Marx. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Attempts at understanding politics through historical account of political thought of the past—Sabine.a. Popular in last quarter of 19th century.b. Seeks to understand state and institution in process of change.c. Exponent is Sabine, Dunning, McIIwain, Burgess, K. Sceley, Carlyle, Carlin, Aristotle and Machiavelli ADVERTISEMENTS: d. Criticized by behaviouralist like Easton. 3. Legal: a. Focuses on legal and const, framework in which different organs of…

Chapter-IV of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 contains Sections from 76 to 106. These Sections provide the provisions for General Exceptions. The actor, if commits any of the offences under the circumstances and exceptions mentioned in Chapter-IV, is excused from criminal liability. Punishment shall not be imposed upon him. One of such General Exceptions is the Doctrine of Necessity and Compulsion, which is explained in Section 81.Introduction:When there are two dangers causing two harms in front of a person, under unavoidable circumstances, he is put to face them; he is excused to commit less harm. ADVERTISEMENTS: In such circumstances, he knows what he is doing. He is compelled to do willful wrong-doing. Law excuses him for such willful wrong-doing. If he does the same thing in the ordinary circumstances, definitely…

Section 351 – Assault:Whoever makes any gesture, or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture, or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that he who makes that gesture or preparation is about to use criminal force to that person is said “to commit an assault”. Image Source : fw008613-flywheel.netdna-ssl.comExplanation: ADVERTISEMENTS: Mere words do not amount to an assault. But the words which a person uses may give to his gestures or preparations such a meaning as may make those gestures or preparations amount to an assault.Illustrations: (a) A shakes his fist at Z, intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause Z to believe that A is about to strike Z. A has committed an assault. ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) A…