06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

The Defence Counsel (Section 303 of CrPc)

Poverty
Legal provisions regarding the Defence Counsel under section 303 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 303 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provides that any person accused of an offence before a Criminal Court, or against whom proceedings are instituted under this Code, may of right be defended by a pleader of his choice. Image Source: northcountrypublicradio.org ADVERTISEMENTS: The Code confers on the accused person a right to consult and to be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. The right guaranteed by this provision is indispensable to the fair administration of over adversary system of criminal justice. An accused has a right to be defended by a counsel of his choice not only at the trial but at the hearing of the appeal also. There is…
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02Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Essay on the Important Zoogeography regions of Planet Earth !

Poverty
The Important Zoogeography regions of Mother Earth !A few groups of animals are cosmopolitan in having world-wide distribution and most animals are restricted in distribution because of same kind of barrier or because of past history of origin and dispersal. image source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: An understanding of their present-day distribution takes us into zoogeography Major units of distribution are the zoological region or zoogeographical regions, areas defined largely by the past and present rela­tions of the continent to each other. Each region is further sub­divided into faunal or ecological units, depending on the criteria used. Zoogeographical Regions: There are six zoogeographical regions, each more or less em­bracing a major continental land mass and all have long been separated from one another by water (oceans and fresh-water bodies), mountain ranges or…
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01Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Short Essay on Population Density (436 Words)

Sociology
Here is your essay on Population density !The density of a population refers to its size in relation to some unit of space on observed time. The size of the population can be measured in several ways, including abundance (absolute number in population), numerical density (number of individuals per unit area or volume), and biomass density (biomass per unit area or volume). image source: healthcatalyst.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The density of a species population can be ex­pressed either with reference to total area (crude density) or with reference to the actual area of habitat available to the species (eco­logical density).Thus, we might have a crude density of 500 rabbits per square mile but if only half of the square mile had suitable habitat for rabbits, the ecological density would be 1000 per…
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29Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Short Essay on the Formal Authority Theory

Sociology
Formal Authority Theory are given below:According to this theory, formal authority is, the right to command’. ‘Formal supervisory authority’ is the right to command people, to tell them what they are to do and what they are not to do, and to guide their actions. Image Source: deborahdawui.com ADVERTISEMENTS: ‘Formal Operational authority’, is the right to command things, in the sense that the person having such authority has the right to acquire assets or to convert assets into other, forms, to dispose of them. This is the traditional concept of formal authority.This theory assumes authority as organising at the top of an organisational hierarchy and flowing downward therein through the process of delegation. Thus, the, authority does not vest, in a managerial position, but it is delegated from up. Formal…
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28Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 9 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Identity
Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts:Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which support or rebut an inference suggested by a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which establish the identity of anything or person whose identity is relevant, or fix the time or place at which any fact in issue or relevant fact happened, or which show the relation of parties by whom any such fact was transacted, are relevant in so far as they are necessary for that purpose. Image Source: ramumine.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Illustrations: (à) The question is, whether a given document is the Will of A,The state of A’s property and of his family at the date of the alleged Will may be relevant facts.(b) A sues…
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27Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 23 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Communications
Admissions in civil cases, when relevant:In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an express condition that evidence of it is not to be given, or under circumstances from which the Court can infer that the parties agreed together that evidence of it should not be given. Image Source: izokey.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Explanation:Nothing in this section shall be taken to exempt any barrister, pleader, attorney or vakil from giving evidence of any matter of which he may be compelled to give evidence under section 126.Comments: Principle: ADVERTISEMENTS: Section 23 is applicable only to civil cases and gives effect to the maxim, interest reiplicae ut sit finis litium. It means that in the interest of the state there should be end of litigation. The section expressly provides…
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27Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 33 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Identity
Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated:Evidence given by a witness in a judicial proceeding, or before any person authorized by law to take it, is relevant for the purpose of proving, in a subsequent judicial proceeding, or in a later stage of the same judicial proceeding, the truth of the facts which it states, when the witness is dead or cannot be found, or is incapable of giving evidence, or is kept out of the way by the adverse party, or if his presence cannot be obtained without an amount of delay or expense which, under the circumstances of the case, the Court considers unreasonable: Image Source: healthcare.acrobatant.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Provided,—That the proceeding was between the same parties or their representatives in…
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27Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Dispersal of Assemblies by use of Civil Force (Section 129 of CrPc)

Violence
Legal provisions regarding Dispersal of assemblies by use of civil force under section 129 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.According to Section 129(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, any Executive Magistrate or officer-in-charge of a police station or, in the absence of such officer-in-charge, any police officer, not below the rank of a sub-inspector, may command any unlawful assembly, or any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace, to disperse; and it shall thereupon be the duty of the members of such assembly to disperse accordingly.As per sub-section (2) of Section 129 of the Code, if, upon being, so commanded, any such assembly does not disperse, or if, without being so commanded, it conducts itself in such a manner as…
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27Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 74 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Communications
Public documents:The following documents are public documents: Image Source: royalholiday.travel ADVERTISEMENTS: (1) Documents forming the acts, or records of the acts—(i) Of the sovereign authority,(ii) Of official bodies and tribunals, and(iii) Of public officers, legislative, judicial and executive, of any part of India or of the Commonwealth, or of a foreign country; ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Public records kept in any State of private documents.Comments: The Evidence Act has divided documents into two categories, namely—(1) Public documents, and (2) Private documents. What is a public document has been defined in Section 74, Section 75 provides that which are not public documents are private documents. Sections 76 to 78 deal with method of proof of public documents. Public documents: ADVERTISEMENTS: Section 74 provides that following documents are public documents:(i) The Acts or records…
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27Sep 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 88 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Identity
Presumption as to telegraphic messages:The Court may presume that a message, forwarded from a telegraph office to the person to whom such message purports to be addressed, corresponds with a message delivered for transmission at the office from which the message purports to be sent; but the court shall not make any presumption as to the person by whom such message was delivered for transmission. Image Source: cdn0.notonthehighstreet.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Comments: The presumption under section 88 is only with regard to the message transmitted. Under this section the court may presume that a telegraphic message forward from the telegraph office to the addressee corresponds with a message delivered for transmission, but not to make any presumption as to the person by whom such message was sent.This section only concerns with the…
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