Category: Linguistics

A curriculum has five major components:(1) A framework of assumptions about the learner and the society such as learners’ capacity and ability, aptitudes and potential for learning, motivation, needs, interests and values as well as society’s orientation to nurturing or using the individual gainfully.(2) Aims and objectives (i.e., why education should be provided and towards what direction). ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) Content or subject-matter with selection of what is to be taught and learnt, scope of the subject-matter and its sequence.(4) Modes of transaction which deals with the process of teaching-learning and includes methodology of teaching, learning experiences both within the institution and outside, learning environments, teachers’ material as well as students’ material.(5) Evaluation methods and techniques for students. Image Source: bvsd.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Curricula differ from each other on the basis of…

Burton and Brueckner (1955) have identified some principles governing the activity of supervision which are relevant even today. These are as follows:(1) Administrate is generally concerned with providing material facilities whereas supervision is generally concerned with improving the setting for learning.(2) Administration and supervision are co-ordinate, co-relative, complementary and mutually shared functions and cannot be separated from each other. ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) Supervision is aimed at providing all conditions considered to be favourable to learning.(4) Supervision should take into account the ultimate aims, values and policies with special reference to their adequacy.(5) It should takes into account facts and laws with special reference to their accuracy. Image Source: cepicc.it ADVERTISEMENTS: (6) It should be carried out with an experimental attitude and should be aimed at constant re-evaluation of aims, values, policies,…

Importance of School Library are given below:Library is the heart of a school’s academic activities. The instructional programme of a school is tremendously influenced by the quality of its library. The teaching-learning process will be lack-lustre without a good library. ADVERTISEMENTS: Library is indispensable for student-centred teaching and learning processes such as project method, dalton plan, self-learning or seminars.According to the Secondary Education Commission, library will be the hub and centre of all the intellectual activity in the literary life of the recognized school and play the same part vis-a-vis all the other subjects as the laboratory plays for science subjects or the workshop for technical subjects. Image Source: iolani.orgIn fact even in case of science and technical subjects it will have a very important role. A library provides stimulation…

The Importance of blackboards in a school are given below:Blackboard is the commonest and the most important of all visual aids. It is very difficult to imagine a classroom without a blackboard. It is, in fact, such a commonplace of classroom teaching that it is rarely used as effectively as it should be.It plays a very important role in making the instructional process effective. It is difficult to imagine a blackboard which is too big. A blackboard 8 to 12 feet long and 3 feet in height is satisfactory. ADVERTISEMENTS: The bottom edge of the blackboard should be 3 feet above the floor on which the teacher stands.There are many varieties of a blackboard: (a) The Wall Blackboard: This is the most widely used and economical type of blackboard. It…

Trait approaches to leadership are given below:The earlier studies on leadership were guided by the thought that effective leaders had some unique set of qualities or attributes that distinguished them from their peers. These traits were assumed to be enduring and relatively stable. ADVERTISEMENTS: Hence the earlier researches sought to identify leadership traits and focused on developing methods of measuring such traits and using the methods to select leaders.The earliest writers brought forward a long list of traits of leadership such as physical and nervous energy, a sense of purpose and direction, enthusiasm, friendliness and affection, integrity, mastery of knowledge, decisiveness, intelligence, teaching skill and faith (Tead, 1953); physique, skills, perception, knowledge, memory, imagination, determination, persistence, endurance and courage (Barnard, 1938). Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.comSubsequently, some researchers found a significant theoretical…

Important methods of implementations of human rights are listed below:(a) World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI) organized many national and international conferences on Human rights and it also published Handbooks, Guidelines for guidance for all persons in Human rights education. ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) The Universal declaration of Human rights was followed by many other declaration like international Congress on Human rights in Tehran in 1968, International congress in Vienna organized by UNESCO in 1978, seminars on teaching of Human rights at Geneva in 1988 and United Nation conference on Human rights in Vienna in 1993, UN decade 1995-2004, 100 clause in programme of action of Vienna declaration related to the education and training work for the promotion and implementation of Human rights.(c) UNESCO has played a leading role in promoting…