17Oct 2018 by admin

Short Notes on the Osmoregulation in Terrestrial Animals

United States
The terrestrial habitat lacks both water and salts in the surrounding medium (air), therefore, the terrestrial animals often face the problem of both water and salt losses. Image Source: images.slideplayer.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Water loss may be due to evaporation of water from the general body surface or through sweat or through urine.Salt loss may be due to sweat and urine. This problem can only be solved by remaining in water and salt balance that is by maintaining a balance between water and salt loss and water and salt gain.Therefore, the terrestrial animals usually drink large amount of water and develop various devices for the conserva­tion of tissue water and feed on such food materials which are rich in salts so that the deficiency of salts may be compensated.In terrestrial animals such…
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14Oct 2018 by admin

Speech on “Preventive Detention” (Article 22 of the Constitution of India)

Canada
Article 22 of the Constitution provides preventive detention laws. The object of preventive detention is to prevent a person from committing a crime and not to punish him as is done under punitive detention. Image Source: 02varvara.files.wordpress.comPreventive detention has not been unknown in other democratic countries like England and Canada but their recourse has been had to it only in war time. In A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 S.C. 27, the Supreme Court had expressed the view that a detent could not claim the freedom guaranteed by Article 19(l)(d) If it was infringed by his detention. ADVERTISEMENTS: But this view of the court changed in R.C. Cooper v. Union of India, AIR 1970 S.C. 564, and in Maneka Gandhi’s case. The court expressed the view in these…
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14Oct 2018 by admin

Application to the Principal for Permission for a Picnic Trip

History
To The Principal, (School Name) (Address) (Date)Madam,We, the girls of ____________ Class plan to go out on a picnic to ____________ (Place Name) for a day, on ____________ (Date). Madam ____________ (Name) and Madam ____________ (Name) have agreed to accompany us and to guide us. Girls who have contributed towards this trip are 62. We request you kindly to permit us to go for this picnic. ADVERTISEMENTS: We would also request you to allow us to use the school bus for the trip. We shall pay for its fuel charges.Madam ____________ (Name) and Madam____________ (Name) have recorded their consent on our application and have recommended the trip. It would be a picnic as well as a study of history.We hope our request would be granted.Yours obediently, (Your Name) (Class) (Date)…
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13Oct 2018 by admin

9 Important difficulties Faced by Qutbuddin Aibak During His Reign

Asia
Important Difficulties faces by Qutbuddin Aibak are described below: Image Source: static.panoramio.comHaving ascended the throne of Delhi, Qutbuddin found himself surrounded with many problems. His crown was not a bed of roses and he had to face the following difficulties in order to keep his position intact; ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. As Muhammad Ghori had no son, his ambitious nobles wanted to inherit his empire. In those days sword was the decisive factor and any person of power could acquire the throne, provided he had a will to get it. The Turkish slaves like Jaiuddin, Yaldoz, Nasiruddin Qubacha and Ikhtiyaruddin Khalji were stern opponents of Aibak.2. Yaldoz, had already Occupied Ghazni and wanted to estab­lish his sway over Ghori’s Indian empire. He did not recognize the claim of Aibak and began to…
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13Oct 2018 by admin

Conquests of Aibak after the Departure of Ghori

Asia
When Muhammad Ghori returned to his homeland, Qjithuddin. Aibak commanded the situation very brilliantly. After his retreat the Chauhans of Ajmer tried to recover their independence and to cast away the yoke of Turkish slavery but Aibak proved a great hurdle in their way. He consolidated the pobition” of Turkish Empire and established his control over Bulandshahar. He also established his away over Meerut and Aligarh. Image Source: cdn.historydiscussion.netHe strengthened his power in Delhi and declared it the capital of Turkish Empire. In Ajmer, for instance, the idol temples were demolished to their very foundations and mosques and colleges were built, where “the precepts of Islam and the customs of the law were divulged and established. Conquest of Xannan (1194 A.D.): ADVERTISEMENTS: The fate of Prithviraj soon overtook Jaichandrft the…
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13Oct 2018 by admin

7 Important Aims and Motives of Muhammad Ghori’s Invasion of India

Asia
1. Muhammad Ghori was an ambitious and imperialist Sultan- He was not satisfied with the small kingdom of Ghor. He wanted to expand the territory of his kingdom and India was the best suited empire for the fulfillment of his ambitions. Taking the advantage of India’s political, social religious and military weaknesses, he turned his attention to India. Image Source: cdn.historydiscussion.net2. There had been a prolonged tug of war between Ghazni and Ghor. Prior to his invasion on India, Ghori had occupied Ghazhni and the Sultans of Ghazni had settled in Punjab after fleeing Ghazni. Muhammad Ghori wanted to uproot the Ghaznavids com­pletely. It had, therefore, become essential for him to invade Punjab first. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. The Shia rulers of Sindh and Multan were against Muhammad Ghori, hence he decided…
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13Oct 2018 by admin

Henry Maine's Theory of the Evolution of Private Property – Explained!

History
Henry Maine’s theory of the evolution of private property.—Sir Henry Maine is of opinion that there is the strongest reason for think­ing that property once belonged not lo individuals nor even to isolated families, but to larger societies composed on the parlriarchal model; but the mode of transition from ancient to modern ownership, obscure at best, would have been infinitely obscurer if several distinguishable forms of village communities had been discovered and examined. In the Slavonia villages, he observes, the entire land is the common property of the whole body of kinsmen and is not divisible even in theory. Image Source: img.auctiva.comPreceding a step further, he observes that in Russian villages there is only a temporary division. Different holdings are, for agricul­tural convenience, allotted, for a temporary period, to different…
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10Oct 2018 by admin

Punishment for offences against Public Decency and Morals in India

United States
Offences against public decency and morals consist in publicity and circulation of obscene literature, doing obscene acts, reciting obscene songs, uttering obscene words etc. in public, exhibiting objects, corrupting any person under the age of twenty years by obscenity. Image Source: lygsbtd.files.wordpress.comThe concept of obscenity has always been directly linked with the concept of morality in the society. The socially acceptable standard of morality and obscenity have always been in a state of flux from the ancient time. Even today it is difficult to find the exact meaning of obscenity. ADVERTISEMENTS: Section 67 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 also gives provisions regarding obscenity. It runs as follows:The Code does not define what is obscene, but Section 292 points out that any writing, drawing, painting or object or engraving etc.…
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10Oct 2018 by admin

3 Most Important Trait Theory of Human Personality

History
Like the Type theory, the Trait Theory of personality focuses on people’s personal characteristics. However, various trait theorists differ in the ways they use those characteristics to describe people. image source: c3fd247798cf88ead658-efb7b8a40ae984d5ce8cbafce656509e.r26.cf2.rackcdn.comTraits are characteristics that lead people to behave in more or less distinctive and consistent ways across situation. ADVERTISEMENTS: Psychologist Gordon Allport counted 18,000 trait-like terms in English language that designated “distinctive and personal forms of behaviour”. These terms, mostly adjectives, describe how people act, think, perceive, and feel. Not all these terms reflect personality traits, but several thousands of them do reflect personality traits.Allport believed that this rich collection of trait-like terms provided a way of capturing the uniqueness of each individual. He’ believed that this uniqueness could be described well in terms of the individual’s trails, or…
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10Oct 2018 by admin

Section 295A of Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Explained!

Canada
Legal Provisions of Section 295A of Indian Penal Code, 1860.Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs:This section punishes deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs. The section was added by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1927. It states that whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feelings of any class of citizens of India, either by spoken or written words, or by signs or visible representations or otherwise, either insults or attempts to insult the religion of that class or the religious beliefs of that class, shall be punished with simple or rigorous imprisonment for a term extending up to three years, or…
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