22Oct 2018 by admin

3 Important Characteristics of “Political Development”

Relationships
Lucian Pye isolates the following characteristics of political development, which seem to be most widely held features of political development- the Development Syndrome. (1) Equality: Various approaches accept that spirit or attitude of equality is an aspect of political development. Equal and popular participation in politics, active citizenship and popular rule constitute the variables of political development. Image Source: theimaginativeconservative.org ADVERTISEMENTS: It also involves the concept of equal and objective application of laws to all citizens i.e. rule of law involving application of all laws to all the citizens rich and poor, and strong and weak. It also includes the concept of political recruitment based on merit and performance, and not on ascriptive consideration. (2) Capacity: Capacity of a political system is again a theme held by most of the…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by admin

5 Important Characteristics of Indian Caste System as described by Dr. G.S. Ghurye

Marriage
The Important Characteristics of Indian Caste System as described by Dr. G.S. Ghurye are: (1) Segmentation of society into various divisions: Caste system according to Dr. Ghurye, divides whole society into separate groups in which status, social duties and rights are different. In such a society caste feeling amongst the individual is more dominant than social feeling. Each caste has its own rules and regulations and if a member breaks these, he is expelled from the caste.He further states that in such caste bound society the amount of community feeling must have been restricted and that the citizens owed moral allegiance to their caste first, rather than to the community as a whole. (2) Hierarchy: ADVERTISEMENTS: There is a well defined stratification in the arrangement of various castes, with Brahmin…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by admin

7 Most Important Features of Social Class in India Societies

Marriage
The Most Important Features of Social Class in India Societies are listed below: 1. Mode of Feeling: We observe three kinds of feelings among the members of various classes.(i) There is feeling of equality in relation to members of one’s own class. ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) There is feeling of inferiority in relation to higher class.(iii) There is feeling of superiority in relation to those classes which have a lower status.Such a feeling gives rise to class consciousness among the members of a particular class and leads to in class solidarity as well as the “We-They Feeling.” 2. Achieved Status: ADVERTISEMENTS: Class has an achieved status. Each class earns its status. Class system provides scope for improving one’s status. 3. It is Universal: Class system is almost a universal phenomenon. It appears…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by admin

6 Important Differences between “Class” and “Caste Stratifications” (India)

Marriage
The Important Distinctions between Class and Caste Stratifications in societies are: (1) Caste Stratification is Inherited and Class Stratification is Mostly Achieved: Caste is inherited, a child at birth takes the status of his parents and as such the latter attributed of his life cannot change what birth has given to him. Membership of a class does not depend on hereditary factors; rather depends on the worldly achievement of an individual. (2) Caste Stratification is Static whereas Class Stratification is Dynamic: ADVERTISEMENTS: Membership of caste cannot be left by an individual. Class on the other hand, is a flexible system of social division. The child at birth belongs to the caste to which his or her parents belong. In case of class also, a child belongs to the class of…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by admin

3 Important Ideological Theories of Marxist Approach to Study Political Science

Relationships
Marxian Approach is based on several ideological theories which were formulated by Karl Marx and Engels. 1. Dialectical Materialism: Dialectical Materialism is Marxist philosophy. It constitutes the philosophical foundations of the Marxian Approach. According to Marx what is real is matter and ideas are manifestations of matter i.e. material conditions of society. ADVERTISEMENTS: Marx adopted the laws of dialectical evolution, as developed by Hegel, and applied them to the field of matter. According to Karl Marx, matter, in the form of material forces evolves according to the three laws of dialectics:(i) The Law of Transformation, (ii) The Law of Unity of Opposites, and (iii) The Law of Negation of Negation. Image Source: chabadsociologist.files.wordpress.com(i) The Law of Transformation: The first law, when applied to the field of social evolution, specifies that…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by admin

4 Important Stages Involved in the “Evolution of Political Sociology”

Relationships
Important Stages Involved in the Evolution of Political Sociology are given below: (i) Classical Period: Even in times very ancient, during the Greek and Roman times, man was considered to be a social and political animal by several eminent political philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, St. Augustine and Aquinas. In his work ‘the Republic’, Plato clearly wrote that state performs the function of maintaining law, order and justice in society.Likewise, the father of Political Science, Aristotle wrote in his work Politics that family was the root from which the state had its origin. He defined state as a community of families and villages having for its end a happy, prosperous and self-sufficient life. ADVERTISEMENTS: In the medieval period, St. Augustine also argued that society was guided by the divine principles.…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by admin

What are the Different Moral Postulates in Ethics? – Explained!

Emotions
Freedom of will: In the field of Ethics, reason cannot explain either the basis of morality or its postulates. Freedom of will is a fundamental postulate of Ethics. If all of man’s volition is controlled by external nature, then morality does not have any meaning. Image Source: consciouslifenews.com“Thou ought top’s, therefore thou canst.” This is what Kant’s words implied. Immortality of soul: ADVERTISEMENTS: According to Kant, the second postulate of ethics is the Immortality of the soul. Morality lies in winning the continuous struggle between desire and duty but this activity is so difficult that it seems well nigh impossible to complete it in one limited life.Thus in the absence of many lives, the very possibility of the attainment of the aim of morality is undermined. Consequently, it is indispensable…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by admin

3 Important “Theories of Punishment” (Retributive, Preventive and Reformative)

Marriage
3 Important “Theories of Punishment” (1. Retributive, 2. Preventive, 3. Reformative are briefly described below:Of the various theories of punishment the following there are the most important and typical Retributive, preventive and reformative. 1. Retributive Theory: According to the retributive theory the purpose of punishment is to seek revenge. It is the theory described in the Old Testament as an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Image Source: orig04.deviantart.net ADVERTISEMENTS: According to the German philosopher Kant, the offender should not be punished for the reason that it is the means to his or another’s benefit but for the simple reason that he has committed a crimeA court of law repays to one only that which he has acquired. He has done crime and it is logical…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by admin

Useful Notes on the 3 Major Parts of the Human Brain

Emotions
The Major Parts in which the Human Brain is been Divided are:i. Forebrainii. Midbrain ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Hindbrain 1. Forebrain: It is the anterior region of the brain. It has following parts:i. Cerebrum (seat of intelligence, memory, consciousness and voluntary action)ii. Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland) Image Source: cognitionemotion.files.wordpress.com Cerebrum (Cerebrum: Brain): ADVERTISEMENTS: The Cerebrum is the Main Part of Forebrain.i. Cerebrum is the largest and the most prominent part of the brain. It is divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres.i. The two hemispheres are connected by a thick band of nerve fibres called corpus callosum. Corpus callosum helps in the transfer of information from one hemisphere to another. ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Each hemisphere is hollow internally and its walls have two regions—an outer cortex and an inner region. The outer…
Read More
20Oct 2018 by admin

Top Nine Different Theories of “Moral Standard” in the Modern Period of Western Philosophy

Emotions
In the modern period of moral thinking hi the West, the earliest theory of moral standard was the standard as law and the latest is perfectionism.We will give below a summary of different theories of moral standards propounded in the modern period of western philosophy. 1. The Standard as Law: According to some thinkers including Thomas Hobbes, Bain, Locke, Descartes and Paley, ethics is guided by the law. While according to Bam it is the law of society, according to Hobbes, it is the law of state. Image Source: static1.squarespace.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Philosophers like Descartes, Locke and Paley consider God’s dictates as the standards of ethics. The standard as law has been criticized since moral law cannot be based upon external pressure. It is against freedom of soul. It is a…
Read More