Category: Emotions

Scholars studying political participation usually identify its several forms or kinds. Since political participation refers to several kinds of activities by which people participate in politics, scholars classify political participation as direct and indirect, active and inactive, high and low, legitimate and illegitimate, and few others.Mostly, the following forms of political participation are identified by them: 1. Direct Political Participation: ADVERTISEMENTS: When people play a direct role in the election of their rulers and in the decision-making or policy-formulation process, political participation is identified as Direct Political Participation. In political systems with direct legislation and direct election systems there is direct political participation. 2. Indirect Political Participation: In representative democracies, the people elect their representatives directly and through them take part in the decision-making process. The representatives are accountable to…

Freedom of will: In the field of Ethics, reason cannot explain either the basis of morality or its postulates. Freedom of will is a fundamental postulate of Ethics. If all of man’s volition is controlled by external nature, then morality does not have any meaning. Image Source: consciouslifenews.com“Thou ought top’s, therefore thou canst.” This is what Kant’s words implied. Immortality of soul: ADVERTISEMENTS: According to Kant, the second postulate of ethics is the Immortality of the soul. Morality lies in winning the continuous struggle between desire and duty but this activity is so difficult that it seems well nigh impossible to complete it in one limited life.Thus in the absence of many lives, the very possibility of the attainment of the aim of morality is undermined. Consequently, it is indispensable…

The Major Parts in which the Human Brain is been Divided are:i. Forebrainii. Midbrain ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Hindbrain 1. Forebrain: It is the anterior region of the brain. It has following parts:i. Cerebrum (seat of intelligence, memory, consciousness and voluntary action)ii. Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland) Image Source: cognitionemotion.files.wordpress.com Cerebrum (Cerebrum: Brain): ADVERTISEMENTS: The Cerebrum is the Main Part of Forebrain.i. Cerebrum is the largest and the most prominent part of the brain. It is divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres.i. The two hemispheres are connected by a thick band of nerve fibres called corpus callosum. Corpus callosum helps in the transfer of information from one hemisphere to another. ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Each hemisphere is hollow internally and its walls have two regions—an outer cortex and an inner region. The outer…

In the modern period of moral thinking hi the West, the earliest theory of moral standard was the standard as law and the latest is perfectionism.We will give below a summary of different theories of moral standards propounded in the modern period of western philosophy. 1. The Standard as Law: According to some thinkers including Thomas Hobbes, Bain, Locke, Descartes and Paley, ethics is guided by the law. While according to Bam it is the law of society, according to Hobbes, it is the law of state. Image Source: static1.squarespace.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Philosophers like Descartes, Locke and Paley consider God’s dictates as the standards of ethics. The standard as law has been criticized since moral law cannot be based upon external pressure. It is against freedom of soul. It is a…

In Matthew Arnold’s opinion, “Religion is nothing but morality touched with emotion.” It does not, in any way, distinguish between religion and ethics. According to many scholars, including Pringle Pattison and Bradley, ethics and religion are very ultimately related.According to Bradley, “It is a moral duty not to be moral and this is the duty to be religious.” But to be moral, is not a duty hi the sense eating, drinking, sleeping, etc. are. In Semual Alexander’s words, “There are in fact 110 duties to be religious any more than there is a duty to be hungry.” Image Source: foodgalaxy.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Religion is a natural human tendency and it may take any form of manifestation. From the above opinion, it is inferred that religion is based upon emotion but ethical…

Ethics is the science of good. It tells us what we ought to do. It places ideals before us and asks us to practice them in life. But it is not a practical science thus it does not tell us how to practice these ideals in life or about the means of obtaining good.Thus the singular study of ethics is insufficient for a delineation of means psychology is needed. Ethical judgments depend upon volitions and these show the way amidst the conflicting desires. What are these desires? What is volition? How are these two related?Psychology answers these questions. Ethics is the science of character. Character is revealed in conduct. What is character? What is conduct? What are reason, intention, desire, self? These questions which arise in ethics are answered by…

The common methods of protecting and promoting national interests are as follows: 1. Diplomacy: Diplomacy has been regarded as a means for securing the national interest for a long time and it still constitutes the most effective means for this purpose.Generally diplomatic negotiations are used to reconcile the conflicting claims. Though, diplomacy is regarded as a universal aspect of international life, it is by no means successful in achieving every end. Image Source: espngrantland.files.wordpress.com 2. Propaganda: ADVERTISEMENTS: Propaganda means the art of convincing others to accept the desired course of action. As Frankel says “propaganda is systematic attempt to affect the minds, emotions and actions of a given group for a specific public purpose”.Almost every regime seeks to maximize its national interests by resorting to technique of propaganda. Hitler and…

Legal Provisions of Section 84 of Indian Penal Code, 1860.Act of a person of unsound mind:Insanity has received the attention of writers, jurists and judges since very old days. The focus of attention has been to give or not to give immunity from criminal liability to insane persons. Britton, Fitz Herbert Corone, Coke, Hale, Hawkin and Blackstone are some of the prominent names who have expressed their views about insanity as a ground of exemption or otherwise from criminal responsibility. Various tests were laid down by the courts, from time to time, about the recognition of insanity as a defence under criminal law. image source: pre15.deviantart.net ADVERTISEMENTS: The wild beast test in Beverley’s case in 1603, good and evil test in Lord Ferrer’s case in 1760, delusion test in Hadfield’s…

85 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Psychiatry” for Psychiatry Post Graduate Students: image source: i.huffpost.com1. The one who has said that the seat of mind is in the brain: A. Galen ADVERTISEMENTS: B. HippocratesC. PlatoD. Aristotle ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. The one who developed theory of humors to explain moods and emotions: A. GalenB. MedunaC. Harlow ADVERTISEMENTS: D. Cullen3. Who coined the term neurosis? A. EsquirolB. William CullenC. Benjamin Rush D. William Sargant4. Who coined the term psychiatry? A. Johann WyerB. Johann ReilC. John ConollyD. Philippe Pinel5. Who is the founder of modern psychiatry? A. JED EsquirolB. PrichardC. MorelD. Griesenger6. Who coined the terms “catatonia, cyclothymia, Verbig­eration, and symptom complex”? A. KL KahlbaumB. KraeplinC. HeckerD. Esquirol7. Who coined the term dementia praecox? A. Emil KraeplinB. MorelC. WernickeD. Karlkiest8. Who coined…

William Carlos Williams was basically a medical practitioner and a pediatrician. He was an American poet who portrayed his poems with modernism and imagism.Apart from poem, he also wrote short stories, novels, plays and essays. He was a successful Writer and Doctor. He was a good observant and could put down words of nature in simple language. He always preferred to observe the small things and loved to prove that, poems are not from imagination, but could be written about simple things in simple Language.The Red Wheelbarrow is one such poem, that has only 8 lines and at the first read, the reader get confused as to what the poem is being linked to. This was one among his last works of his imagist movements. His poems never told any…