Category: Essays

To The Hon’ble Mayor/the Chairman, Re: Mosquito menace in the localityDear Sir,I, as President of the local Zonal Committee, take the privilege of bringing to your kind attention to the mosquito menace in the locality of____________ (with full address including Ward No. ____________). ADVERTISEMENTS: The growing mosquito menace in the locality in the recent times has led to the outbreak of malaria in virulent form. The following reasons are attributed to the mushroom growth of mosquito in the locality.(a) Most of the drains are uncovered practically without outlets resulting in stagnation of contaminated water and as such the drains have becoming the breathing ground of mosquitos.(b) There are heaps of rubbishes and refuse lying helter skelter on the roads in absence of any dustbins and they remain uncleaned by the…

To The Hon’ble Mayor/the Chairman, Date Re: Stray dog menaceDear Sir,I, as President of the local Zonal Committee, take the privilege of bringing to your kind attention to the stray dog menace in the locality of____________ (with full address including Ward No. ____________). ADVERTISEMENTS: For the last six months the number of stray dogs in the locality have increased manifold and the people living in this area have been terror-striken by such dogs. The situation has become alarming when several small school going children have been bitten by these dogs.It is also most obnoxious and disturbing when these stray dogs start barking in chorus continuing for prolonged time at all the nights robbing of slumber of the people. It is now of paramount necessity to get rid of these dogs…

To The Mayor/Chairman, Date Re: Inadequate supply of waterDear Sir,We, the inhabitant’s of have to inform you that the supply of water through pipe lines in our area has been extremely inadequate for which the inmates of families of every house have been suffering beyond description. During summer season in particular when requirement of water is more, sufferings of the people for want of water know no bounds. ADVERTISEMENTS: The reason for shortage of water is the increase in the number of people in our area on account of mushroom growth of flats. The problem of scarcity of water has been precipitated due to disbalancing in the supply and requirement of water which is passing through smaller diameter of water pipes for the last many years, in order to improve…

From DateTo The Rationing Officer,Re: Request for issuance of new Ration Cards. ADVERTISEMENTS: Dear Sir,This is for your Kind information that I was in service at ____________ (Place Name), the metropolis of ____________ (Place) for the last ____________ (Year) and there was no public distribution system and as such there was no question of drawing ration against ration card from there.Now, my services have been transferred to ____________ (Place) as per copy of letter ____________ (Date) of transfer orders enclosed. In ____________ (Place) I along with the members of my family am putting up at________________ (Address of Residence).I would, therefore, request you to arrange issuance of new Ration Cards in favour of me and the members of my family, as per details given below: ADVERTISEMENTS: Kindly be informed that I…

Both ‘utility analysis’ and ‘indifference curves analysis’ use introspective method or psychological approach to explain consumer’s behaviour and demand.Theory, propounded by Prof. PA. Samuelson, attempts to explain consumer’s behaviour and consumer’s demand on the basis of observed market behaviour of the consumer in different price-income situation.Thus, the revealed preference theory provides behaviouristic explanation of consumer’s demand. ADVERTISEMENTS: The revealed preference theory is based on the following concepts or elements: (i) Ordinal utility: According to Prof. Samuelson utilities are merely comparable and not quantifiable. It means it is based on the concept of ordinal utility. Image Source : pa211sw.communityos.org (ii) Preference hypothesis: It means when a consumer chooses a particular combination of goods, say P, out of various combinations available to him in a given price-income situation, then he reveals his…

Fixed costs remain constant in total regardless of changes in volume of production and sales, upto a certain level of output.There is an inverse relationship between volume and fixed costs per unit. If volume of production increases, the fixed costs per unit decrease.Thus, total fixed costs do not change with a change in volume but vary per unit of volume inversely. Variable costs vary in total in direct proportion to changes in volume. Image Source : longtermcarenow.com ADVERTISEMENTS: An increase in the volume means a proportionate increase in the total variable costs and a decrease in volume results in a proportionate decline in the total variable costs. There is a linear relationship between volume and variable costs. They are constant per unit.Many costs fall between these two extremes. They are…

From DateTo The Divisional Engineer (Telegraphs),Re: Surrendering of my telephone No. ____________ ADVERTISEMENTS: Dear Sir,This is to inform you that my services have been transferred to____________ and accordingly I have to vacate the above rented house on____________ where the telephone No. ___________ has been installed. Under the circumstances, when I will not be needing the telephone connection at my residence any longer, I have no alternative but to surrender the same.I would, therefore, request you to arrange to take out the telephone instrument together with its accessories from my residence after disconnecting the line latest by ____________ and refund me the security deposit kept with your department before I proceed on transfer. ADVERTISEMENTS: Thanking you,Yours faithfully, (Your Name) Image Source: 9p5z91rxsag1usgoc1ctvupb.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com

To The S.D.O. The Public Water Supply Co. (Place Name)Sir,Our colony is suffering from a grave water shortage. Many residents do not have, even a bucket of water in the morning before going to work. ADVERTISEMENTS: Drinking water too is in short supply for the last one week and the water from the general supply, even when boiled, is not hygienic.Kindly send your staff to check the water pipe lines, which may be blocked and have them cleared. Thanking you,Yours sincerely, (Your Name) (Address) Image Source: static.dnaindia.com ADVERTISEMENTS:

Different kinds of excretory system in prawn are as follows: (a) A pair of antennary or green glands (b) A renal or nephroperitonial sac and ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) The integument. 1. Antennary glands: The coxa of each antenna encloses an opaque white structure of the size of a pea, called green gland. It has three parts, end sac, labyrinth or glandular plexus, and bladder. Image Source: 185.26.182.219 ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) End sac: It is bean shaped situated in the anterior part of the gland. Its cavity contains a large blood lacuna communicating with labyrinth by an aperture. The wall of end sac is double layered. Outer thick layer consists of connective tissue containing numerous small blood lacunae, while inner thin layer consists of large excretory epithelial cells. (b) Labyrinth: ADVERTISEMENTS: It lies…

Different compositions of cells in sycon are mentioned below: Sycon is diploblastic, (two germ layer present) the outer cellular layer is pinacoderm and inner cellular layer is choanoderm with an intermediate mesenchyme. Both the layers and mesenchyme have different composition of cells: 1. Pinnacoderm: ADVERTISEMENTS: We can divide pinacoderm into two types (i) Exopinacoderm or dermal epithelium makes the cover of entire body surface except dermal ostia and osculum. (ii) Endopinacoderm makes the epithelial lining of incurrent canals and spongocoel. Pinacoderm is composed of large, flattened, polygonal cells, the pinacocytes (Gr., pinako; plank + kytos, cell). Image Source: lh6.ggpht.com ADVERTISEMENTS: They have nucleus bulging out, and are highly contractile. They modify themselves according-to the place, where they are situated in size, shape and function. The lining of incurrent canal is…