Category: Environment

Here is your essay on Living Organisms !The smallest structural units of matter (living as well as non­living) are subatomic particles. The next larger units are atoms, each of which consists of subatomic particles. Atoms in turn form still more complex combinations called chemical compounds (mole­cules). image source: teachersofindia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Chemical compounds are variously joined together as even more elaborate units or complexes of compounds (macromolecules). These units are representing successively higher levels of organisa­tion of matter.They form a pyramid or hierarchy, in which any given level contains all lower levels as components and is itself a component of all higher levels. For example, atoms contain sub­atomic particles as components and atoms are themselves compo­nents of molecules.All structural levels upto and including those of macromole­cules are encountered both in the…

Essay on Physico-Chemical Characteristic and Biota of Estuaries !Current and salinity, both very complex and variable, shape life in the estuary, where the environment is neither fresh-water nor salt estuarine currents result from the interaction of a one-direction si.eam flow, which varies with the season and rain fall, with oscillation ocean tides, and with wind.The salinity of estuaries varies vertically and horizontally and fluctuates amazingly between 0.5— 0.35 per cent. Due to low salinity fresh-water has a lowest density than sea water (± 1.00, as opposed to 1.03). Were there no tides in an estuary to mix fresh and salt-water, the lighter fresh-water would simply flow over the heavier sea water and dissipate in the ocean (Fig. 21.1). However, the tidal action acts as a plunger to thoroughly flush the…

Essay on Physico-Chemical, Nature of Terrestrial Ecosystems !An aquatic system is essentially a single-phase system, where water sets the tone for entire habitat. A terrestrial ecosystem, on the contrary, is a three-phase system, where the characteristics of the habitat are a function of the atmosphere and climate, the soil, and the biotic community itself. image source: greatlakesinform.org ADVERTISEMENTS: The atmosphere is the source of oxygen for animals and carbon dioxide for plants both are sufficiently common and well-mixed in the atmosphere that they are essentially never limiting. Air as a medium of support is much less buoyant than water. Thus, an organism need relatively little support to survive in water, but it needs a fairly rigid skeleton to live and move on land. Climate in a terrestrial ecosystem is much…

Out of the total geographical area of 328 million hectares, the land-use statistics are available for roughly 305 million hectares, constituting 93 per cent of the total. During 2008-09 the latest year for which the land-use data are available, the arable land (the net area sown plus the current and fallow land) was estimated at 46.00 percent of the total reporting area. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.orgThe area for which data on the land-use classification are available, is known as the ‘reporting area’. In areas where the land-use classification figures are based on land records, the reporting area is the area according to village papers or records maintained by the village revenue agency and the data are based on a complete enumeration of all the areas. ADVERTISEMENTS: In some cases, village papers…