Category: Currency

Here is your essay on the Gandhiji’s views on secularism !Secularism as a modern political and constitutional principle involves two basic propositions. The first is that people belonging to different faiths and sections of society are equal before the law, the Constitution and government] policy. The second requirement is that there can be no mixing up of religion and politics.It follows therefore that there can be no discrimination against anyone on the basis of religion or faith nor is there room for the hegemony of one religion or majoritarian religious sentiments and aspirations. It is in this double sense—no discrimination against anyone on grounds of faith and separation of religion from politics—that our Constitution safeguards secularism, however imperfectly. ADVERTISEMENTS: These political principles imply also the acceptance of a somewhat more…

Essay on the Globalization of Trade !The term ‘globalisation’, now-a-days, is known to all and has become an expression of common usage. Different people use this term with different colours representing ‘a brave new world with no barriers’; ‘a world of doom and destruction’; and ‘a disneyesque beacon of light and a fake optimism’.“The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chased the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe………. transforming the world in its own image” was the Communist Manifesto s prescient description of what is now referred to as ‘globalization’. ADVERTISEMENTS: The term ‘globalisation’, generally, means integration of economies and societies through cross country flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance and people. But the term ‘globalisation’ is used, at present, in the…

Section 39 of the Code of Criminal Procedure casts a duty on every person who is aware (i) of the commission of, or (ii) of the intention of any other person to commit, the twelve offences listed below, to forthwith give such information to the nearest Magistrate or Police Officer.Omission to give such information is punishable under the Indian Penal Code, unless it is proved that such a person had reasonable excuse for not doing so, the burden of proof being on the person concerned. Image Source: newblog.jch.in ADVERTISEMENTS: The twelve offences under the Indian Penal Code referred to above are:(i) Offences against the State, specified in Ch. VI of the I.P.C.;(ii) Offences against public tranquility, specified in Ch. VII of the I.P.C.;(iii) Offences relating to illegal gratification; ADVERTISEMENTS: (iv)…

Key components of an international compensation programme are as follows:The major focus of most international compensation programme is to keep international employees at a sufficient financial level during their international assignments so that they do not lose ground economically. Image Source: middlemarketcenter.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Components of an international compensation package, in addition to the normal salary and benefits offered in the home country, frequently include the following. These components are discussed below: Components 1. Base salary: For expatriates, the term base salary means the primary component of a package of allowances which are:(a) Foreign service premium,(b) Cost-of-living allowance, ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Housing and utility allowance,(d) Basis for in-service benefits and pension contributions.Base salary may be paid in home or local currency or in some hard currency like pound or dollar. 2. Foreign…

After the First World War, the emergence of central bank with more power and prestige was the most important development in the monetary world. The main business of a central bank is to control the commercial banks in such a way as to promote the general economic policy of the state.A central bank does not, as a commercial bank does, exist to make the maximum profits for the shareholders. Its main function is to act as a guardian of the monetary system. Functions The central bank is the agency through which the state enforces its economic policy. To carry out this objective, central bank is entrusted with a number of functions. They are as follows: Image Source: fixingtheeconomists.files.wordpress.com 1. Monopoly of Note Issue: The central bank enjoys the monopoly of…

This theory assumes that the fundamental determinant of the price level is the quantity of money. In actual practice other things keep on changing in the short period as well as in the long period.1. Unrealistic Assumption: ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) In actual practice, the volume of Transactions (T) is subject to large changes over long periods of time. The rapid expansion of output in some special situations like emergency or recovery demonstrates that a considerable change in transactions may occur even during a relatively short period.The volume of transactions effected with money depends not only on the current production but also upon the volume of money supply available for these transactions. T may be assumed as constant at full employment level, but this is also an unrealistic assumption. Image Source: blog.celtrino.ie(b)…

The Russian Federation which represents the major portion of the former USSR continues to be India’s most important economic partner in the region.The bilateral framework Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation with Russian Federation, signed on 22nd May, 1992, provides that all transactions between the two countries would be undertaken in hard currency, unless otherwise specified by Intergovernmental Agreements.The only exception with Russia is that trade is also carried on through debt repayment route and escrow accounts. The bulk of our export to Russian Federation is moving through these routes. Image Source: trbimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: During the year 1998-99, the following meetings have been held to discuss various matters regarding bilateral cooperation:-(a) The Fifth session of the Indo-Russian Joint Commission for which, the Ministry of External Affairs is the nodal agency,…

Free sample essay on When I Was Cheated. It all happened in a minute. I had just taken out a currency note from my purse, and given it to the fruit-seller, who was packing the oranges in a paper bag for me. I took the bag and came home. I did not check my bag of books or pockets on the way, as I did not need money to purchase the ticket in the bus. I had a monthly bus-pass, as well as a season- ticket, for the local train, for full three months.Reaching home, I was asked by my mother to get two bottles of fresh milk from the store opposite our flat, as the milk supplied in the morning had turned sour. I then remembered to look for…

Essay on Recent Trends in the Modern Nuclear Family – The family has undergone some radical changes in the past half a century. Its structure has changed, its functions have been altered and its nature has been affected.Various factors-social, economic, educational, legal, cultural, scientific, technological, etc. have been responsible for this. It is, indeed, difficult to analyse the recent trends in the family and to account for its causes. Still, a few significant trends may be noted: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) Industrialisation:The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century and the consequent birth of the factory system of production affected the economic functions of the family. Family transferred its economic functions to the factory and became more a consumption unit than a productive centre. Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.com(ii) Urbanisation:Industrialisation and urbanisation very often go…

Numismatics is the study of the collection of currency. This includes coins, tokens, paper money, and similar objects. But it is widely perceived as the study of coin collection. Numismatic value refers to the value in excess of the actual monetary value. It is also termed ‘collector’s value’ or ‘intrinsic value’. The tendency to collect coins may have existed a long time ago. Caesar Augustus used to give all types of coins as Saturnalia gifts. Petrarch is considered to be the first Renaissance collector. In 1355, he presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV. In the early Renaissance period, members of the European nobility and royalty used to collect ancient coins. Such eminent coin collectors include Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maxmilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis…