Category: Design

The term ‘civil law‘ denotes the law of the land. It is termed civil to mean the law of the civitas or State. The name is derived from the jus civil of the Romans. That was the law peculiar to a particular State, e.g., Rome. Holland uses the term “positive law”.He observes that “a law, in the sense in which that term is employed in jurisprudence, is enforced by sovereign political authority. It is thus distinguished not only from all rules which, like the principles of morality and the so-called law of honour and of fashion are enforced by an indeterminate authority, but also from rules enforced by a deter­minate authority, which is cither, on the one hand, superhuman, or, on the other hand, politically subordinate. In order to emphasize…

For securing their aims and goals, interest groups use peaceful persuasion as well as pressure techniques. When the interest groups, use pressure tactics for securing their interests these are called pressure groups.As such, ail methods by which influence and pressure can be exerted upon the decision-makers are the methods of interest groups. Such techniques as strike, gherao, bandhs, demonstrations, passive resistance, work to rule, which are usually described as means of direct action, fall within their scope.Interest groups are opportunistic and down to earth pragmatic in the selection of methods for serving their interests. Henry A. Turner observes, “Individual interest groups generally function in a pragmatic and opportunistic fashion, using any method or technique which they believe will serve their purpose effectively. Image Source: b-i.forbesimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Undoubtedly, dictating most pressure…

There are certain exceptional cases, where the law of supply does not operate. They are discussed below: (1) Rare Goods: The law is not applicable in case of rare art pieces of painting. The supply of such things is fixed. Whatever may be price of such commodities, the supply will remain the same. Image Source: investingtrainer.com (2) Labour Market: ADVERTISEMENTS: The law of supply does not hold good sometimes in the labour market. A rise in price of labour (wages) sometimes leads to a fall in amount of labour supplied in the market.The reason is simple. First, with the rise in wages, labourers are now able to earn the same amount of income by working for a smaller number of hours. Secondly, with the rise in general level wages, there…