22Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

4 Most Important Theories of “Social Stratification”

Fashion
Most Important Theories of Social Stratification which use in Every Society are given below: I. Marxian Theory of Social Stratification: Marxian perspective provides a radical alterative to functionalist perspective of the nature of social stratification. In the Communist Manifesto’, Marx enunciated the theory of social stratification which is based on division rather than integration of classes. Image Source: economicstudents.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In the concerted view of Marx and his followers in all stratified societies, there are two major social groups, a ruling class (the Haves) and a subject class (Have-nots) the power of the ruling class derives its power from its ownership and control of the forces of production.The ruling class exploits the subject class. As a result a conflict of interest and class struggle between the two classes emerges and…
Read More
22Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Useful Notes on the Bright Field (Light) Microscope

Construction
The bright field microscope or light microscope or compound microscopes is the most common and the most indispensable instrument in the biology laboratory. Basically the microscope has two types of parts.The mechanical parts provide the structural framework of the microscope and support the optical parts.The optical parts are involved in the magnification of the object. The following is a detailed description of the various parts of a light microscope. Image Source: microscope.com Base, Pillar and Inclination Joint: ADVERTISEMENTS: The base and the attached pillar serve to support the entire microscope. The base is generally ‘V (horse shoe) shaped or sometimes ‘U’ shaped. Usually the pillar and the base are made heavy in order to minimize vibration.The inclination joint joins the arm of the microscope to the pillar. The joint permits…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Biological Applications and Limitations of Electron Microscope

Architecture
Applications: 1. Viewing of ultra structure of the cell organelles is made possible.2 Structural details of large bimolecular such as proteins can be studied.3. Minute details of the topographic architecture are possible which is of systematic value as in the case of pollen grains. Image Source: bioimaging.ubc.ca Limitations of electron microscope: ADVERTISEMENTS: Even though electron microscope is a great advancement over the light microscopes in terms of higher magnification and better resolution, there are certain limitations and light microscopes have their own useful role to play in the microbiological laboratory. The limitations imposed by electron microscope are:-1. Hydrated specimens are not to be used; hence live specimens cannot be observed2. Dehydration even if carefully done will cause some distortion ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Artifacts may appear4. As electrons have a low penetration…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What are the Legal Provisions Relating to the Preventive Action of the Police? (CrPC, 1973, India)

Design
Sections 149 to 153 lay down the provisions relating to preventive action of the police. Such action of the police officer falls into following three categories, viz.—(i) prevention of cognizable offence, (ii) prevention of injury to public property, and (iii) inspection of weights and measures.In the very nature of things there can be no judicial inquiry in a case of police action, because the police have to act on their own initiative according to the urgency of the case. Image Source: s4.scoopwhoop.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The powers given to the police under these sections are as follows:(1) Every police officer may interpose for the purpose of preventing the commission of a cognizable offence, i.e., an offence for which he could arrest without a warrant. (Section 149)On receiving information of a design to…
Read More
21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Important Provisions Of Chapter XII Of The Criminal Procedure Code – Explained!

Construction
‘Investigation‘ as provided under Chapter XII of the Criminal Procedure Code consists of the steps of proceeding to the spot, investigating the facts and circumstances of the case, taking measures for discovery and arrest of the alleged offender, examining the persons acquainted with the circumstances of the case, searching and seizing any material and ultimately submitting a report under Section 173, Cr.P.C. If, in the opinion of the investigating officer, the accused should be tried.When a public servant demands bribe and in a trap laid with a decoy that public servant makes that demand and a complaint in writing is given by the decoy, since the demand amounts to a cognizable offence, the information given by the complainant is in relation to the commission of a cognizable offence within the…
Read More
19Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

12 Factors Which Influence Demand for a Commodity (Useful Notes)

Fashion
There are several factors which influence the quantity demanded of a commodity. Important among them are the price of the commodity, the price of related commodities, and income of the consumer, taste and preference of consumers, size of population and various other factors.It is essential to observe the separate effect of each variable on the quantity demanded. It helps to consider the effect of a change in all the variables on the quantity demanded at the same time.This enables economists to develop a theory of consumer’s demand. However, in law of demand we keep all other factors constant except price of the good in question. Below we will discuss in detail, the factors influencing demand. Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.com (1) Price of Commodity: ADVERTISEMENTS: The price of commodity is the most…
Read More
18Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Useful Notes on the Early Attempts Made for the Classification of Elements

Fashion
(i) About more than one hundred years ago Lavisher discovered that some elements resembled in their properties. He classified the thirty then known elements into metal and non-metals to study their acid and basic properties.But his classification could not account for those elements which had the properties of both metals and non-metals. Image Source: skmclasses.weebly.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Determiner’s triads: Determiner in 1829 observed that there were certain groups of three similar elements called triads. The elements of a triad had similar properties and when arranged in order of increasing atomic masses, the atomic mass and properties of the middle element was roughly the arithmetic mean of the other two.For example, lithium (atomic mass = 7), sodium (atomic mass = 23) and potassium (atomic mass = 39) formed such a triad.…
Read More
18Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Short Summary of “Swami and Friends” by R.K. Narayan

Construction
In the autumn of 1930, on a sudden spurt of inspiration, writing of his first novel Swami and Friends started. It was as if a window had opened, and through it Narayan saw a little town and its rail station, the Mempi Forest and the Nallapa’s Grove, the Albert Mission School, Market Road, the River Sarayu. Its inhabitants appeared, and Malgudi was born.Swami and Friends (1935) was published with the help of Graham Green. The novel registers all the small confusions and dislocations of the child reaching the end of an idyllic childhood and facing the grave tasks of adulthood. The setting that one day swam into Narayan’s view Malgudi, the colonial district town with its post office and bank and middle-class suburb and small roadside shops and low-caste slums…
Read More
18Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 197 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.) – Explained!

Construction
Legal Provisions of Section 197 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Prosecution of Judges and public servants:The object of this section is to guard some important categories of public servants performing onerous and responsible functions against vexatious or mala fide proceedings. They include Judges, Magistrates, members of the Armed Forces, Public servants etc. who are not removable from office except by or with the sanction of the Government. Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The privilege of immunity from prosecution without sanction extends to acts done or shown to be done by them in discharge of their official duty but at the same time, the rights of the citizens also need to be protected against capricious officials who may indulge into excesses in the garb of their official duty.Therefore, in order…
Read More
18Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Section 160 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.) – Explained!

Construction
Legal Provisions of Section 160 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Police officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses:In course of crime investigation, the police may secure the attendance of persons who can supply necessary information regarding the commission of the offence. The investigating officer should issue written order addressed to the person whose presence is sought specifying date, time and place where he has to appear for interrogation. Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.com ADVERTISEMENTS: But a male under the age of fifteen years or a woman cannot be required to attend at any place other than the place where he or she resides. An order directing a woman to appear in police station is violative of Section 160 (1) of the Code.The Supreme Court in Nandini Satpathy v. P. L.…
Read More