6 Most Important Theories of “Social Change”

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Social Change refers to the modifications which take place in life patterns of a people. It occurs because all societies are in a constant state of disequilibrium. Early sociologists viewed the cultures of primitive peoples as completely static.But this view was abandoned with the appearance of scientific studies of pre-literate culture. Anthropologists now agree that primitive cultures always underwent changes, although at a very slow pace, which initially gave the impression of their being static and stationary.All modern sociologists unanimously express their agreement on the naturalness and inevitability of Social change in each human society. However, at the same time they project and advocate various theories of Social Change. Each theory seeks to explain the nature and reasons and scope of Social Change in a particular way. Image Source: patricklmitchell.files.wordpress.com…
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4 Most Important Theories of “Social Stratification”

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Most Important Theories of Social Stratification which use in Every Society are given below: I. Marxian Theory of Social Stratification: Marxian perspective provides a radical alterative to functionalist perspective of the nature of social stratification. In the Communist Manifesto’, Marx enunciated the theory of social stratification which is based on division rather than integration of classes. Image Source: economicstudents.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In the concerted view of Marx and his followers in all stratified societies, there are two major social groups, a ruling class (the Haves) and a subject class (Have-nots) the power of the ruling class derives its power from its ownership and control of the forces of production.The ruling class exploits the subject class. As a result a conflict of interest and class struggle between the two classes emerges and…
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12 Factors Which Influence Demand for a Commodity (Useful Notes)

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There are several factors which influence the quantity demanded of a commodity. Important among them are the price of the commodity, the price of related commodities, and income of the consumer, taste and preference of consumers, size of population and various other factors.It is essential to observe the separate effect of each variable on the quantity demanded. It helps to consider the effect of a change in all the variables on the quantity demanded at the same time.This enables economists to develop a theory of consumer’s demand. However, in law of demand we keep all other factors constant except price of the good in question. Below we will discuss in detail, the factors influencing demand. Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.com (1) Price of Commodity: ADVERTISEMENTS: The price of commodity is the most…
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Useful Notes on the Early Attempts Made for the Classification of Elements

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(i) About more than one hundred years ago Lavisher discovered that some elements resembled in their properties. He classified the thirty then known elements into metal and non-metals to study their acid and basic properties.But his classification could not account for those elements which had the properties of both metals and non-metals. Image Source: skmclasses.weebly.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Determiner’s triads: Determiner in 1829 observed that there were certain groups of three similar elements called triads. The elements of a triad had similar properties and when arranged in order of increasing atomic masses, the atomic mass and properties of the middle element was roughly the arithmetic mean of the other two.For example, lithium (atomic mass = 7), sodium (atomic mass = 23) and potassium (atomic mass = 39) formed such a triad.…
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Speech on “Tradition is an Obstacle to Progress”

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Thoughts, ideas and values practised for generations come together to form a culture. The cultural values practised through generations create a tradition. Thoughts of one generation differ from those of the other and so do the values. So, a conflict of two generations is inevitable. Whenever a new idea tries to assert itself at the cost of something that has been followed conventionally, and the new idea claims to be progressive, we say that tradition is becoming an obstacle to progress. The question is whether this is the whole truth.The traditional Indian father wants to see his son get married in a dhoti and kurta. The son would prefer a western outfit on the day of marriage as it is in harmony with the latest trends in fashion. But is…
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Speech on the Family Occasions which I like and those I Detest

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There are six of us in our family—my grandfather, mother, father, elder sister, elder brother and myself. What that means is that we celebrate six birthdays a year.The best thing about a birthday in the family is that everybody is on his or her best behaviour that day. I suppose it stems from the sentiment that the person whose birthday it is should in no way be made to feel unhappy. This special consideration for a single person spills over to the others as well.No doubt there are the customary celebrations in the evenings like going to a play, a concert or even a movie, and the special dinner at a restaurant (we skip this on Grandpa’s birthday, and Ma makes him his favourite dishes at home), but what I…
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Speech on the Modern Fashion Trends (337 Words)

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‘Are you wearing the latest from Gucci?’‘No, I prefer the latest designer wear from Rohit Ball’ ADVERTISEMENTS: These are lines often heard in the fashion conscious creme de la creme of Indian society. The story is the same in almost any commercially ‘happening’ city in the world except that the names of the designers keep changing. This does not mean that the national designers have not made a dent in the world market! The Indian fashion world got global attention after Miss Sushmita Sen and Miss Aishwarya Rai won the much coveted Miss Universe and Miss World titles respectively in 1994. Critics look upon these victories as a multinational conspiracy to promote European and American products in post-liberalisation global India. But the reality of the Indian fashion world having made…
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Biology Question Bank – 99 MCQs on “Evolution” – Answered!

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99 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Evolution” for Biology Students:1. Humming birds and Hawk illustrate (a) convergent evolution Image Source: farm4.static.flickr.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) homology(c) adaptive radiation(d) parallel evolution. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation: 1. (c): Adaptive radiation in evolution was developed by H.F. Osborn in 1898. It is also known as “Divergent evolution” It is development of different functional structures from a common ancestral form. Examples as mentioned in the question.Whereas development of similar adaptive functional structures in unrelated groups of organism is adaptive convergence = convergent evolution, e.g. wings of insect, bird and bat. When convergent evolution is found in closely related species, it is called “Parallel Evolution”. Example: development of running rabbit in deer (2 toed) and horse (1 toed).2. Evolution is ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) progressive development of a…
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Legal Provisions of Section 24 of Code of Civil Procedure 1908, (C.P.C.), India

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(1) On the application of any of the parties and after notice to the parties and after hearing such of them as desire to be heard, or of its own motion without such notice, the High Court or the District Court may at any stage.(a) Transfer any suit,, appeal or other proceeding pending before it for trial or disposal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same, or(b) Withdraw any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending in any Court subordinate to it, and ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) Try or dispose of the same, or(ii) Transfer the same for trial or disposal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same; or(iii) Retransfer the same for trial or disposal to…
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Speech on the Importance of Pre-primary Education

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Importance of pre-primary education was not very much socially recognised before the advent of the nineteenth century. Upto the 18th century it was thought that during early years of life the parents were best suited to look after the education of their young ones. Source Image:theindianacademy.orgBut due to the impact of industrial revolution this idea was discarded and the parents began to feel the necessity of sending their children to schools. This urge was also there because of the pressure that both the mother and father should earn in order to make their life more comfortable as demands of life were ever-increasing. ADVERTISEMENTS: Hence women also began to take up outside jobs along with men. This situation created the necessity of developing some such institutions which might take care of…
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