Category: Industry

The Current Status of Mining Industry in IndiaThe country is having a well-developed mining sector, which has vast geological potential with over 20,000 known mineral deposits. Up to the Seventh Plan period (1990), significant progress was made in the development of mineral resources in the country which is amply depicted in the appreciation of mineral inventory. This helped the country to enter the realm of plenty in respect of certain minerals in which it was hitherto deficient. Image Source: geospatialworld.net ADVERTISEMENTS: The discovery of huge bauxite deposits, particularly in the East Coast, is a case in point, which took the country from the phase of a nonentity to one having the fifth largest inventory of bauxite in the world.In the Tenth Plan, greater emphasis was laid on mineral exploration by…

Project Tiger: There were about 40,000 tigers during 1909-10 in India. Some one lakh tigers roamed in wild in Asia in 1920. This number was reduced to 2500 by the year 1972. The scheme Project Tiger was launched on 1st April, 1973 by WWF to ensure maintenance of viable population of the tigers in India for scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values. Image Source: 435729.medialib.glogster.comThese objectives have been achieved as can be seen from the fact that the tiger population in the country has risen from less than 2500 in 1972 to more than 4300 in 1989. Number of tiger reserves has increased from 9, covering an area of 14,000 sq. kms. In 1973 to 27, covering an area of 37761 sq. kms. In 2002. The main threat to…

Major Causes of Land Degradation in India – EssayLand, a non-renewable resource, is central to all primary production systems. Over the years, the country’s landmass has suffered from different types of degradations. Degradation of land is caused by biotic and abiotic pressures. An ever-increasing population places enormous demands on land resources. Image Source: inweh.unu.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: This is particularly acute in India, which has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s geographical area but supports over 16 per cent of the world’s population. It has 0.5 per cent of the world’s grazing area but has over 18 per cent of world’s cattle population. These pressures have led to drastic changes in the proportion of land utilised for agricultural activities, urbanisation and industrial development.The main causes of land degradation are as follows:…

Industries can be classified in many ways. 1. Agro-Based and Mineral Based Industries: Industries can be classified on the basis of the origin of their raw material. Industries that depend on agricultural products for their raw material are classified as agro-based industries. Image Source: yourarticlelibrary.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Cotton textiles, sugar and vegetable oil industries are examples of agro-based industries. Industries that depend on minerals for their raw material are classified as mineral based industries. Iron and steel, cement and ship-building industries are examples of mineral based industries. 2. Key and Consumer Industries: Industries can be classified on the basis of their products. Industries which are very important since on them depend many other industries are called basic or key industries. The iron and steel industry, the heavy machines manufacturing and sulphuric…

Essay on the Agro-Based Industry in IndiaThese are those industries which derive their raw materials from the agricultural products. These industries have huge base in our country because agricultural activities contribute about 30 per cent to our national gross domestic products and about 65 per cent of labour force is employed in the agriculture. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries derive their raw materials from agriculture. These are therefore called agro-based industries. The Sugar Industry: After the cotton textile industry, the sugar industry is the most important agro-based industry in India. It provides employment to about 0.5 million skilled and unskilled workers constituting about 7.5% of the rural population and about 45 million sugarcane farmers.India ranks second in the world production of sugar despite the…

Essay on the Air Transport System in IndiaAir transport is the fastest mode of transport which has reduced distances and converted the world into one unit. But it is also the costliest mode of transport beyond the reach of many people. It is essential for a vast country like India where distances are large and the terrain and climatic conditions so diverse. Image Source: yourarticlelibrary.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Civil Aviation in India started in 1911 when Mail (Dock) was for the first time carried by air from Allahabad to Naini. In 1920 the organised air transport service was started. In 1927 Civil Aviation Department was set up on the recommendation of Air Transport Council. In 1932 Tata Airways Limited introduced air services between Karachi and Lahore. In 1928 Flyings Clubs were opened…

Climate change is likely to threaten all life forms on earth including plants and animals. The degree of sensitivity will, however, vary from one species to the other. Changes in temperature and perceptive patterns will affect several weather sensitive sectors like agriculture, forestry, water resources and coasts. The impact of these changes will also be felt on human systems affecting human health, human settlements, and industry and energy sectors. Image Source: cckn-ia.orgDeveloping countries will be more affected by climatic change because they depend more on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, forestry or fishing. Under an enhanced green house condition, the variability of Monsoon is projected to increase resulting in recurring droughts or floods, which will affect agricultural production and increase the vulnerability of the large agrarian population, climatic change is likely…

Essay on Peat Found in IndiaThe occurrences of real peat are confined to a few places of high elevation. It is found on the Nilgiri Mountains at an elevation of over 1,800 m in a few peat-fogs lying in depressions composed of the remains of Bryophyta (Moses). Image Source: ecx.images-amazon.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Peat also occurs in the Kashmir valley in a few patches in the alluviam of the Jhelum and in swampy ground in the higher valleys where it is composed of the debris of several kinds of acquatic vegetation, grasses, sedges and rushes. Production and Distribution: West Bengal: Occurences of peat beds at depths ranging from the 1.8 to 11 m have been noted in Calcutta and its suburbs. The peat in Howrah appears to be detrital in character showing…

Short Essay on Coal Conservation in India (335 Words)Conservation of coal enjoins maximum recovery of in-situ reserves of coal. The coal deposits in India occur mostly in thick seams and at shallow depths. These aspects are taken into account during mine planning and operation in ensuring maximum recovery. Mechanised opencast mining in India is one of the very important technology of coal production of thick seam from shallow depth. Image Source: iimahd.ernet ADVERTISEMENTS: The percentage recovery by this method is up to 90 per cent of the in-situ coal reserves. The coal production from opencast method in Indian mining is more than 80 per cent of total production. This trend is likely to continue in near future.The thick seam deposits earlier developed in Bord and Pillar (BandP) method or other…

The future can never be known with certainty, but there are some techniques that have proved to be effective in reducing the degree of uncertainty. Image Source: naw.orgThere are basically two broad categories of forecasting techniques. These are: 1. Qualitative Techniques: These techniques are primarily based upon judgement and intuition about the environment and are used especially when sufficient quantitative information and data is not available so that complex quantitative techniques cannot be used. ADVERTISEMENTS: Under certain situations, qualitative judgments about future are more reliable than quantitative conclusions because the quantitative methods are based on the analysis of the past data and its trends which may or may not remain the same. Secondly, quantitative techniques follow a certain pattern and do not provide for accommodating any unexpected occurrences.Some of the…