Category: Industry

Tribals all over the country are at various stages of development. There are food gatherers, pastorals and agriculturalists. The Bhotias, a tribal group of Himalayan foothills, practice animal husbandry. Dur­ing the winter season, they climb down to the plains and return when the winter is over. They continue to deal in spices. The women make money by weaving woolen shawls. The Todas of Nilgiri hills place great emphasis on the buffalo. One, who owns a large herd of buffa­loes, wields a lot of status and power. Besides keeping buffaloes, wherever possible, they practise agriculture also. The practice of shifting cultivation is now banned all over the country. It was known by different names. At some places it is called jhoom agriculture; the Mairyays call it penda it is called pondu…

1. “We will continue with the reform process, give it a strong Swadeshi thrust to ensure that the national economy grows on the principle that ‘India shall be built by Indians’ ; reappraise and revitalise reforms through giving primacy to removal of unemployment, and to an accelerated development of infrastructure, particularly energy and power production”.We will bring GDP growth to the 7-8% bracket, and control deficits-fiscal and revenue. We will take all such steps as would expedite implementation of policies and programmes in accord with our national interests; and give to the entire national development efforts a humane face with total eradication of poverty as the ultimate goal. For this ‘Berozgari Hatao’-eradicate unemployment- is our call.”2. “We will carefully analyse the effects of globalisation, calibrate the process of it by…

The basis of Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 passed in March 1923 and was put into force on 1st July 1924 is that the State (Government) cannot be a silent spectator to the suffering of the working class engaged in factories or establishments who are exposed to the various risks to their limbs and lives.There are chances of accidents and injury while working on sophisticated mechanical devices. ADVERTISEMENTS: Amendments to the Act:The Act was amended firstly in 1933 by the Workmen’s Compensation (Amendment) Act, 1933, secondly in 1938 by the Workmen’s Compensation Amendment Act, 1938, thirdly in 1938 by the Workmen’s Compensation (Amendment) Act, 1938, fourthly in 1946, fifthly in 1959, sixthly in 1962 by the Workmen’s Compensation (Amendment) Act, 1962 and then in 1984 by the Workmen’s Compensation (Amendment), Act,…

Industry is another big consumer of coal and electricity. Energy is used in the industrial sector mainly for lighting, heating, air-conditioning and ventilating systems as well as for running motors and machines.It is a matter of serious concern that Indian industries are consuming more power for similar jobs as compared to industries in several foreign countries.In other words our industries are less fuel-efficient. It is estimated that about ten to fifteen per cent industrial energy can be saved from fuel efficient medium of light. Image Soruce: shiftpoint.co.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: This can be done without much use of fluorescent lamps or high pressure mercury vapour lamps (HPMV) or high pressure sodium vapour lamps (HPSV).These offer better optical control. An ordi­nary (tungsten) 200 W lamp can be replaced by 80 W HPMV for…

9 Main Determinants of Supply are described below: (i) Price: The higher the price offered for a product by the market, the higher would be its supply if everything else remains unchanged. Image Source: cdn2.cloudpro.co.uk (ii) Prices of related goods: Related goods include substitutes and complements. If the price of coffee offered by the market rises, it clearly marks consumers’ preference for it over tea (a substitute). If the trend continues, supply of coffee will go up and that of tea will get curtailed to avoid loss. ADVERTISEMENTS: The opposite will the case be when market offers lower prices for coffee. Slightly different is the case with the supply of complements. When price of petrol falls, supply of automobiles goes up in anticipation of a hike in their demand.On the…

If you’re interested in obtaining computer-related employment, welcome to a relatively “hot” job market.The demand for computer professionals in government and industry has been booming over the past 10 to 15 years, and this general trend is expected to continue well into the 1990s. ADVERTISEMENTS: Both the increasing dependence of organizations on computing and communications technologies and the rapid proliferation of technology products in the marketplace have created more opportunities for computer-related careers than ever before. The explosive demand for computer professionals has been accompanied by an unusually acute shortage of qualified people, a trend that is also expected to persist for some time. A major cause of this shortage is the dwindling supply of teachers in the field. Image Source:pstcc.eduBecause graduates of computer fields can earn almost as much…

Besides the integrated circuit and family concept, several other noteworthy developments characterized the third generation. Perhaps the most important of these were the operating system, continued improvements in programming languages, the minicomputer, and work processing.1. Operating Systems : ADVERTISEMENTS: An operating system is a set of control programs that supervises the work of the computer systems. Programs were entered one by one and monitored individually by the computer operator.Also, automatic communication between the CPU and devices such as the printer was not yet possible; these elements had to be coordinated manually. With operating systems, however, these tasks could be performed automatically under program control. Image Source:ts.avnet.comAlso, computers in the first and second generations were serial processors; that is, they would do all their work in a one-program-at-a-time fashion. For example,…

Monopoly is a market form, which has always attracted the attention of economists. This word has come from the Greek words, monos (single), polein (selling), which mean alone to sell. Therefore, in literary terms, it implies a market structure, where there is a single seller.In economic theory, monopoly is characterised by sole producer selling a distinct product for which there are no close substitutes and there are strong barriers to entry. This sole producer (may be known as monopolist) controls the entire supply of the market.Thus, the supply curve of the firm and the industry will be one and the same. Under these circumstances, the monopolist will tend to have complete control over the price of the product sold by him. That is why, monopolist is a price maker rather…

The following features serve as a necessary set of assumptions or conditions underlying the model of perfect competition: 1. Large Number of Sellers and Buyers: In perfectly competitive market, there are a large number of sellers and buyers in the indus­try. On account of innumerable transactors, each seller produces a very small portion of the total quantity offered in the market and each buyer has an inappreciable portion of the total demand of the market.Thus, no individual seller (or buyer) has any economic or market power to influence the market price in his favour through his own individual behaviour or action. The number of sellers and buyers are so numerous that variations in output by one seller or change in purchase by a single buyer can hardly make any difference…

When quality increases, the productivity also improves. This is because wastes and rework are reduced, and inputs are optimally utilized. Higher productivity enables an organization to reduce price and gain competitive advantage both in terms of price and quality. Customers also feel happy as they get value for their money. Since organization’s bottom line improves, it raises the satisfaction level of all stakeholders, including employees.The significance of cost of quality has been discussed, while explaining the ISO certification requirements. Saving the cost of quality will have an immediate effect on the enhanced productivity of an organization. All these establish that quality and productivity are indirectly related.Thus, productivity should not now be misconstrued as labour performance alone. It is the sum total of efficiency and, therefore, linking productivity to wages should…