Category: Psychology

Aristotle hailed as the realist philosopher, wanted to take things as they are. Perhaps his justification of slavery is most accurate account of realism. For, it was expedient in the prevailing context of time. 1. Grounds of Justification: According to Aristotle slave is the living possession of the family, necessary for its smooth functioning. He justifies slavery on the grounds of being natural institution, usefulness and expediency. 2. Natural Ground: Unlike the Sophists, who espoused the natural equality of human beings, Aristotle argues that nature itself has ordained slavery. For, different persons are endowed with different attributes and qualities. So, superior should rule over the inferior. ADVERTISEMENTS: Those persons who are endowed with a higher degree of reason and capacity for virtue must command and direct those who possess little…

Endocrine systems are systems which generally control long term activities of target organs as well as physiological processes such as digestion, metabolism, growth, development and reproduction, in contrast to more rapid activities under the control of the nervous system. Image Source: med.uottawa.ca ADVERTISEMENTS: These are effectors organs, in that they are under the control of the nervous system either directly -or indirectly.Endocrine systems include certain glands called endocrine glands; these glands are found in different regions of the body of the animal.Although, endocrine glands were first recognized only as ductless glands as they have no external ducts and which discharge their secretions directly into the blood stream. Particular emphasis was placed on the vascularity and specialized anatomy.Now, however, endocrine glands are known to occur in animals with scanty circulating fluids,…

Sustainable development is defined as ‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need’.Sustainability is a dynamic concept born out of the environmental debate of the last quarter century. In order to achieve a sustainable life, a balance and equal distribution of natural resources is necessary throughout the world so that basic needs of each and every living being may be fulfilled.Sustainable Development as a norm has been accepted in the literature ever since the publication of the Brundtland Commission report in 1987. It is defined as “a pattern of social and structured economic transformations (i.e., development) that optimises the economic and societal benefits available in the present, without jeopardizing the likely potential for similar benefits in the future.” Image Source:…

1. Digestion in Protozoa: In all protozoans except parasitic protozoans such as Trypanosoma, Monocystis, digestion takes place in the food vacuoles. Image Source: internal.champaignschools.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Digestion is carried out with the help of certain digestive enzymes. It is still not clear just how the digestive enzymes enter the food vacuoles (Barrington, 1962).According to De Duve 1963, the enzymes are hydrolytic in nature and are contained in special packages called lysosomes.It is believed that during the process of digestion the lysosomes arc discharged in some manner into the food vacuoles and thus contained food is broken down into its constituents whom then pass into the cytoplasm and be assimilated.The parasitic protozoans either absorb the predigested food of their host or digest their food with the help of hydrolytic enzymes outside the…

11 Questions with Answers and Explanations on Growth of Human Population for Biology Students:1. In India, human population is heavily weighted towards the younger age groups as a result of (a) short life span of many individuals and high birth rate Image Source: static.squarespace.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) long life span of many individuals and high birth rate(c) short life span of many individuals and low birth rate(d) long life span of many individuals and low birth rate. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (a): A population having mostly younger age group means its birth rate is high. If death rate is increased then the proportion of old age group will be increased. But in this case death rate has increasing trend thence in a human population which is heavily weighted towards the younger…

40 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Animal Tissue” for Biology Students.1. Lamina propria is connected with (a) acini Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) liver(c) graafian follicle(d) intestine. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation: 1. (d): It is the middle layer of 3 layered Mucosa (outer muscularis mucosa, middle lamina propria and inner simple colunar epithelium) of intestine. It is made up of a highly vascular connective tissue containing lymphatic nodules.2. Lymph differs from blood in possessing (a) only WBC ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) more RBC and WBC(c) more RBC and few WBC(d) more WBC and few RBC.Answer and Explanation: 2. (a): Lymph is a colourless, mobile, fluid connective tissue. The lymph is usually a clear, transparent fluid. It consists of two parts: a fluid matrix, the plasma, in which float amoeboid cells, the…

57 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Digestive System and Nutrition” for Biology Students.1. Duct leading from parotid gland and opening into vestibule is (a) Haversian duct Image Source: 40two.info ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Stenson’s duct(c) Wolffian duct(d) infra-orbital duct. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (b): Parotid glands are the largest salivary glands. They lie on the sides of the face, just below and in front of the ears. The parotid ducts, also called Stenson’s ducts, open into the vestibule opposite the upper second molar teeth.2. Wharton’s duct is associated with (a) sublingual salivary gland ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) parotid salivary gland(c) submaxillary salivary gland(d) Brunner’s glands.Answer and Explanation:2. (c): The Wharton’s ducts are associated with submaxillary glands that lie at the angles of the lower jaw. These ducts open under the tongue. Ducts of…

47 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Reproduction & Embryonic Development” for Biology Students.1. Cells become variable in morphology and function in different regions of the embryo. The process is (a) differentiation Image Source: mba.ac.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) metamorphosis(c) organisation(d) rearrangement ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (a): Differentiation are the changes from simple to more complex forms undergone by developing tissues and organs so that they become specialized for particular functions. Differentiation occurs during embryonic development and regeneration.2. Human eggs are (a) alecithal ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) microlecithal(c) mesolecithal(d) macrolecithalAnswer and Explanation:2. (a): Eggs are of 4 types regarding the amount of yolk present in them: (i) Alecithal egg: Almost free of yolk e.g. man.(ii) Microlecithal egg: Very small amount of yolk e.g. Branchiostoma.(iii) Mesolecithal egg: Moderate amount of yolk eg. Frog’s egg(iv) Macrolecithal…