Category: Asia

The composition of population according to age and/or sex is known as the age and sex structure. The universal characteristics of human populations are fundamental to understanding demographic processes of fertility, mortality and migration.Age composition may be summarized in terms of age groups (e.g., 0-15 years, 15-64 years and 65 or above).In India, the age groups are below 15, 15-59 and above 59, as the age of retirement in our country is generally 60 years. The sex ratio is most commonly expressed as the number of females per 1,000 males.One of the important aspects of the population study is the age composition. The age composition strongly influences the rate of growth and has profound effects on the social and economic conditions under which a population lives. ADVERTISEMENTS: Three basic determinants…

There are different ethnic elements in Indian population. As regards these ethnic elements opinions of anthropologists differ. In different times different anthropologists attempted to analyze the ethnic elements present in Indian population. Of these who have made note-worthy contribution on this aspect and are included in our syllabus, are Risley, Guha and Sarkar. 1. Classification of H. H. Risley (1915): According to Risley, Indian population can be classified in to following racial groups: (i) The Scythio-Dravidian: ADVERTISEMENTS: This type has medium to broad head, medium nose, fair complexion and scanty hair on face and body. They are medium-statured. They differ from the Turko Iranians in having larger heads, flatter faces, higher noses and shorter stature.This type is the result of an intermixture of two distinct racial elements, the Scythians and…

The levels of energy consumption had remained confined to bare necessities and the possibilities of surplus retention were very limited. Most of the demands for energy by these societies were available in the form of food procurable locally.It was with the growth of agriculture on the one hand and the domestication of animals on the other hand that the need for newer sources of energy arose and the consumption of energy multiplied.The most important change was in the basic source of energy: manpower was gradually replaced, first by the power of draught animals. Donkey-driven mills were employed as early as the fifth century BC to crush ore from the silver mines at Laurion, and their use had extended to the grinding of corn in Greece by about 300 BC. Image…

English language as a medium of instruction was introduced in India in the nineteenth century by Lord William Bentinck, the then Governor-General of India, for imparting western system of education.The underlying objective of the British rulers in introducing English language in India was to inculcate mental slavery among the Indians and to make them clerks or “Babes”. It was also an attempt to convert the Indians to western culture.Introduction of English, however, proved a boon for India. In fact Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a famous religious and social reformer, was an ardent supporter of this language. Other leaders like Dadabhai Nairobi, Pt. Moti Lai Nehru and Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru were also educated in English. This language enabled our leaders to take up cudgels against the foreign rulers on the…

Complete essay on the biography of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times.Alexander, born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia, was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus. Aristotle was Alexander’s tutor; he gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy.In the summer of 336 BC, Philip was assassinated, and Alexander ascended to the Macedonian throne. He found himself surrounded by enemies at home and threatened by rebellion abroad. Alexander disposed quickly of all conspirators and domestic enemies by ordering their execution. Then, he descended on Thessaly, where partisans of…

The most striking feature of the Charter is the emphasis it lays on the constructive tasks of peace.But the authors of the Charter were also aware “that economic and social maladjustments are often the diseases of which war is the final symptom and they envisaged peace not merely as a period of non-shooting but as the zestful pursuit of the common good of all mankind.” ADVERTISEMENTS: This purpose of the United Nations finds a prominent place in the Preamble of the Charter which proclaims that the peoples of the United Nations are determined “to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.”Article 1 state that it is a primary purpose of the United Nations to achieve cooperation in solving international problems of economic social, cultural or human…

America has developed new weapons of mass destruction, more powerful than the earthquake bombs on the pretext of punishing the so-called “rogue countries”. China is also increasing and expanding her nuclear and missile muscle. She is also supplying nuclear weapon technology to Pakistan to India’s great security risk.In such a situation India’s keeping nuclear option open is right and understandable but unfortunately nothing has been done to exercise this option since Pokhran test in 1974 and it has cost the country a lot in terms of political capital etc. ADVERTISEMENTS: This procrastination in going nuclear is baffling and undesirable. Our commitment to keep nuclear option open must be matched with commitment to deployment. With the revival of Agni missile programme nuclear warheads should also be developed and deployed.In spite of…

On principle, social anthropology is concerned with the social struc­ture and culture of the primitive peoples. Social anthropology, despite its variants in the US, Europe and Asia, restricts itself to the study of the cultural and social ways of life of the people. On the other hand, quite opposite to the anthropological tradition, politics and for that matter political science is concerned with power and authority. The realms of focus are different; access to society is also different. But there are very close relations between the two disciplines. The traditional textbooks of social anthropology tread the oft-re-peated track of defining a particular discipline, show its subject matter and scope and finally mention the relationship. This does not take into consideration the empirical research position of the relationship of the two…

Different Modern Theories those are Essential for Sex Determination are: 1. Chromosomal theory: Sex of the individual depends on the behaviour of particular chromosome. The chromosomal mechanism of sex determination varies in different organisms. a) XY-Method: In this method of sex determination both the sexes have got even number of chromosomes but female is homogametic having XX chromosomes while, male is heterogametic having XY. The female produces eggs with X chromosomes and male produces sperms of two kinds X and Y. images.slideplayer.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Drosophila has rod like chromosome X and its unlike met with hook at its end is Y (Sex chromosome) in male.The rest chro­mosome i.e. 3 pairs (two V shaped or one dotted pair) which do not show sexual differences are called autosomes. b) ZW method: It is…

Important Difficulties faces by Qutbuddin Aibak are described below: Image Source: static.panoramio.comHaving ascended the throne of Delhi, Qutbuddin found himself surrounded with many problems. His crown was not a bed of roses and he had to face the following difficulties in order to keep his position intact; ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. As Muhammad Ghori had no son, his ambitious nobles wanted to inherit his empire. In those days sword was the decisive factor and any person of power could acquire the throne, provided he had a will to get it. The Turkish slaves like Jaiuddin, Yaldoz, Nasiruddin Qubacha and Ikhtiyaruddin Khalji were stern opponents of Aibak.2. Yaldoz, had already Occupied Ghazni and wanted to estab­lish his sway over Ghori’s Indian empire. He did not recognize the claim of Aibak and began to…