Category: Public Health

A patent is a monopoly right for invention of a new and user, article or an improvement of an existing article or a new process of making- an article. It consists of an exclusive right to manufacture the new article invented or manufacture an article according to the invented process for limited period. Anybody can use the invention after expiry of the patent term.Non-Patentable Inventions:The followings are non-patentable inventions as per the Act. ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Frivolous inventions.2. Contrary to law, morality, or injurious to public health.3. Mere scientific principle or abstract theory.4. New property or new use of known substance. ADVERTISEMENTS: 5. Admixture substance.6. Arrangement or rearrangement or duplication of features of known Method of Agriculture or Horticulture.7. Process of treatment of human beings or animals.8. Inventions relating to Atomic…

Acid rain and other atmospheric pollutants may sometime cause great damage to historical monuments. A fierce controversy has recently been generated in India as to whether or not the Oil Refinery in Mathura poses a threat to the Taj Mahal in Agra (some 64 km from Mathura).An expert Committee appointed by the Government of India on Environmental Impact of Mathura Refinery has expressed the view that there may not be a serious threat to the Taj Mahal, and that appropriate precautions will be taken to preserve the Taj from the adverse effects of the pollutants.But other experts have expressed strong apprehen­sion that the Taj and various other ancient monuments may be irreparably affected by the obnoxious and corrosive fumes and pollutants discharged from the refinery, so much so that more…

This is a special method of applying a mild degree of heat to milk and other liquids for destroying undesirable and harmful nonspore- forming microbes. It is really not a process of sterilization, but rather of disinfection. It was originated by Louis Pasteur and used by him for killing micro-organisms which cause undesirable fermentations in the process of making wine. Image Source: i00.i.aliimg.comPasteurization is now extensively used for freeing milk from disease germs. The process of pasteurization of milk consists of heating it to 60°-65°C, (140°-150°F.) for one half hour, followed by a rapid cooling. ADVERTISEMENTS: In most modern dairies the raw milk is carried in pipes from large receiving tanks to the pasteurization machines. Just before entering these machines, it is passed through hot pipes which warm it to…

Though a federal Constitution involves the sovereignty of the units within their respective territorial limits, it is not possible for them to remain in complete isolation from each other and the very exercise of internal sovereignty by the units require its recognition by co-ordination of each unit of the federation.Federal Constitutions, therefore, generally provide certain rules for co-operation which the units are expected to take into consideration while dealing with each other. This co-ordination between the States and the Centre is called co-operative federalism. Image Source: shestokas.com Inter-State Council Article 263 provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council to affect co-ordination between States. The Inter-State Council is appointed by the President. This Article provides that if at any time it appears to the President that the public interest would…

From (Address) (Date)To The Manager Maintenance Public Council (Address)Dear Sir ADVERTISEMENTS: The roads in this area of the city are in very bad condition. They have not been repaired for the last over three years. The roads have so many pitfalls which sometimes cause accidents to unwary drivers.The streets are not swept properly and regularly. There are not a sufficient number of dustbins and people throw rubbish here and there. During rains water collects here and there and drains overflow. The water stagnates giving rise to mosquito menace and malaria. I fail to understand why the authorities do not rise to the occasion and meet this menace to public health. At times it becomes very difficult to pass by the heaps of garbage and overflowing drains giving out strong nauseating…