Category: Marriage

Like Hindu law, Muhammadan law is a personal law. Unlike territorial laws, it does not apply to all the persons in a given state or country. It applies only to those persons who answer a given description, namely, Muslims, whether they are so by birth or by conversion. To be a Muslim is to profess Islam, i.e., to acknowledge that there is no God but God (i.e., there is only one God), and Muhammad is His Prophet. “La ilaha ill lil lah Muhammad ur Rasul Allah.”Profession of the faith of Islam (i.e., belief in the unity of God) and the mission of Muhammad as a Prophet or messenger of God are necessary and sufficient for establishing that a person is a Muhamma­dan by birth or by conversion. It is not…

Free sample essay on the status of Women in India. Since independence there has been much improvement in the lot of women in India. They enjoy perfect equality with men. They have all the rights and privileges possessed by the males.Our Constitution guarantees them all those rights, freedom, and privileges enjoyed by the male. Consequently, they now feel emancipated and free. The women of India, who form almost 50% of the population, have equal opportunities and rights and can aspire to any position and status in society. Many of them are in top positions in various fields of life. A few of them have been great political leaders, entrepreneurs, administrators and business persons. This marked change in their outlook, social and economic status reflects the fact that their emancipation has…

The earlier agricultural family was a self-supporting business enterprise. The home was the centre of production, distribution and consumption. Modern industrialism has transferred economic production from the home to the factory.The urban families now perform traditional household activities, e.g. cooking, sewing, care of the house etc.Even some of these functions have been transferred to outside agencies. In short, the family has changed from a production unit to a consumption unit. In modern times the farm family is still a production unit but not a self-sufficient one. Image Source: milifamily.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The family has lost many functions because other specialised agencies have emerged to meet the increasing demands of industrialisation and urbanisation.Agricultural economy, especially the plough culture, led to the expansion of the family. Farm work requires more labour.This is met…

Forms in which a Muslim woman can seek dissolutions under the Muslim law are given below:Under Muslim Law a husband has an absolute and unlimited right to repudiate the marriage at his will. This is known as talaq. A Muslim wife has no such right to dissolve her marriage. Unwritten and traditional law tried to ameliorate her position by permitting her to seek dissolution under the following form: Forms (a) Talaqi tafwid: ADVERTISEMENTS: This is a form of delegated divorce. According to this the husband delegates his right of divorce in a marriage contract which may stipulate that inter-alia on his taking another wife the first wife has the right to divorce him.The courts have upheld these pre-nuptial and post-nuptial agreements as not opposed to public or against the spirit…

Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was a great patriot. She was born at Bithur on June 15. 1834. She was named Manu Bai.In her childhood she learnt the use of weapons. She had warlike qualities. She was a clever horse rider and a clever archer. ADVERTISEMENTS: She was married to Raja Ganga Dhar Rao of Jhansi. After her marriage she was named Rani Lakshmi Bai. She could not enjoy the pleasures of married life. She became widow after two years of her marriage.She had no issue. She wished to adopt a son. Lord Dalhausi, the Governor General of India, did not allow her to do so. Image Source: 1.bp.blogspot.comHe wanted to make Jhansi a part of British India. Lakshmi Bai stood against him. She opposed foreign rule.She refused to obey…

Essay on the biography of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was a great politician, leader, statesman, scholar and freedom fighter. He was a public figure. He led the freedom movement. It was under his leadership that India got independence from the British rule after years of struggle. He launched many freedom movements to liberate the country from the rule of the foreigners. He was the apostle of peace and non-violence.Mahatma Gandhi was born in a middle class family of Gujarat on 2nd October 1869. His father was the Diwan of. Rajkot. His mother was a highly religious woman. Mahatma Gandhi was an average student in his childhood. He was very regular and during his schooling. As a boy he was influenced by Harishchandra and Sarwana Kumar. He was very truthful in…

Short Essay on Family Courts – Despite the amendments brought in the Civil Procedure Code in 1976, providing a special procedure to be adopted in suits or proceedings relating to family matters, there was not much change in the way these cases were litigated and decided.The need was, therefore, felt for altogether separate courts to deal with these matters so that the disputes could be settled speedily with emphasis on conciliation and as many families could be saved from the harmful effects of prolonged litigation as possible.In the interest of socially desirable results it was thought that the tendency to strictly adhere to rigid rules of procedure and evidence needed to be relaxed. Image Source: 185.26.182.219 ADVERTISEMENTS: Therefore, the Family Courts Act was passed in 1984, which provided for the…

Essay on Importance of “Iddat” in Muslims’ Divorce – “Iddat” plays an important role in Muslim divorce cases. “Iddat” denotes a period of awaiting.Iddat refers to a period of seclusion for three menstrual periods for a woman after the death of or divorce by her husband to ascertain whether she was pregnant.“Iddat”….implies the period of waiting incumbent on a woman between dissolution of one marriage and the contracting of another.” It is important to note that in this period of waiting [for three consecutive menstrual periods] husband and wife are not supposed to have sexual contact. Image Source: muslimsofcalgary.ca ADVERTISEMENTS: Legal and Social effects of Iddat: Legal Effects: (i) In a divorce case the wife involved is bound to wait for “iddat” period, (ii) During the period of “iddat” the…

Essay on Nuclear Family – The individual nuclear family is a universal social phenomenon. It can be defined as “a small group composed of husband and wife and immature children which constitutes a unit apart from the rest of the community.” (Duncan Mitchell in his “Dictionary of Sociology’).In simple words, a nuclear family is one which consists of the husband, wife and their chil­dren. Soon after their marriage, the children leave their parental home and establish their separate household.Hence, a nuclear family is an autonomous unit free from the control of the elders. Since there is physical distance between parents and their married children, there is minimum interdepen­dence between them. Thus, a nuclear family is mostly independent. The American family is a typical example of the modern independent nuclear family.…

Essay on Major Demographic Trends in India – India, as it is made clear, is the second most populous country in the world. Its total population crossed the mark of 121.2 crore by March 2011. Its population is currently increasing at the rate of 18.15 million per year. The average annual exponential growth rate of India’s population is 1.76% in 2011. The salient demographic features or trends of India’s population may be noted below.1. Growth Rate of Population: The population of India grew at a slow rate prior to 1921. But its population has started growing at a fantastic rate of speed particularly after 1931. The average annual growth rate of India’s population was 0.56% in 1911 and it reached the record height of 2.22% in 1981. However, it has…