Category: Essays

Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply:The rules regarding summary procedure shall apply to the following courts, namely: (a) High Courts, city civil courts and courts of small causes; and (b) other courts. In respect of the courts referred to in cl. (b), however, the High Court may, by notification in the Official Gazette, restrict the operation of this Order only to such categories of suits as it deems proper and may also, from time to time, by subsequent notification in the Official Gazette, further restrict, enlarge or vary the categories of suits to be brought under the operation of Order XXXVII as it deems proper. (Order XXXVII, Rule 1).Word ‘trial’ in S. 10 is not used in its widest suit. The concept is not…

(1) Where a decree is passed against a party as the legal representative of a deceased person, and the decree is for the payment of money out of the property of the deceased, it may be executed by the attachment and sale of any such property.(2) Where no such property remains in the possession of the judgment-debtor and he fails to satisfy the Court that he has duly applied such property of the deceased as is proved to have come into his possession, the decree may be executed against the judgment-debtor to the extent of the property in respect of which he has failed so to satisfy the Court in the same manner as if the decree had been against him personally.Where a judgment-debtor dies before the decree has been…

The performance of acceptance sampling depends on the method of selecting the sample and the acceptance level of defectives. There are a number of sampling schemes known as sampling plans. Their choice depends upon the nature of the manufacturing system and the degree of consumer and producer risks which one wants to cover. The sampling schemes are:(i) Single sampling plan(ii) Double sampling plan ADVERTISEMENTS: (iii) Sequential sampling plan. (i) Single Sampling Plan: Here, a single sample of size n is drawn from a lot of size N, and the lot is accepted if the number of defectives in the lot (d) is less than the specification (c) i.e.A sample of size n is drawn and the items of the sample are inspected. Let the number of defectives in the sample…

The court may compel the attendance of any person to whom a summons has been issued under section 30 and for that purpose may-(a) Issue a warrant for his arrest;(b) Attach and sell his property; ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Impose a fine upon him [not exceeding five thousand rupees;](d) Order him to furnish security for his appearance and in default commit him to the civil prison.Consequences on default to attend as Witnesses and coercive methods—S. 32 and Order XVI, Rules 10, 11, 12: ADVERTISEMENTS: The court has power to enforce the attendance of any person to whom a summons has been issued and for that purpose may: (a) issue a warrant, with or without bail, for his arrest; (b) attach and sell his property; (c) impose a fine upon him not exceeding…

In India, petroleum was discovered in 1860, when Assam Railway was laying down railway track near Margherita. After several attempts petroleum was struck at Makum on 26 March 1867. Another important achievement was the discovery of petroleum in the Digboi area in 1889. The Burmah Oil Company started exploring oil in the Surma valley region in 1915. Until 1953, the Digboi area was the sole producer of mineral oil in India.At present, there are four main petroleum producing regions in the country. Two of them are on-shore the Brahmaputra valley and the Gujarat coast. The other two are off-shore the western coast off-shore oilfields and the eastern coast off-shore oilfields. About two-third of the total petroleum production in India comes from the off-shore oilfields. Image Source: images.csmonitor.com 1. The Brahmaputra…

Jesus or the Jesus of Nazareth is mostly known to all as:’Jesus Christ’ where Christ means “Anointed One”. He is regarded as the savior of the people, the Messiah. Not only in Christianity but in Islam as well he is called as important prophet. Jesus was born to a virgin, Mary. Mary was to be married to Joseph, a carpenter. She was visited by an angel Gabriel who told her that she was chosen to give birth to the Son of God. Jesus was born in a stable in Bethlehem and his childhood home is represented as Nazareth in Galilee. The actual birth date of Jesus is not known or determined and was calculated as somewhere between 7 and 5 B.C. After almost 500 years, 25 December was fixed as…

i. This is the oldest and the most stable part of the Indian Subcontinent.ii. It is rich in mineral resources and has huge Reserves of iron, manganese, copper, bauxite, mica, chromium, limestone, etc.iii. More than 95 per cent of the Gondwana coal deposits of India are found in the plateau region. ADVERTISEMENTS: iv. The north-western part of the plateau is covered with fertile black lava soil which is widely used for growing cotton and sugar cane.v. Some lowlands are suitable for growing rice and a variety of tropical fruits.vi. The highlands are covered with thick valuable forests. ADVERTISEMENTS: vii. The rivers originating from the Western Ghats provide suitable sites for the generation of hydroelectricity.viii. The peninsular plateau has a number of hill stations such as Udagamandalam (Ooty), Kodaikanal, Pachmarhi, Mahabaleshwar,…

Important facts on western and eastern ghats of India are given below:i. They are running in the north-south direction and form the western edge of the Deccan plateau.ii. Its extent is about 1600 km, from the Tapi Valley in the north up to Kanniyakumari in the south. ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. The Western Ghats rise abruptly from the Western coastal plain.iv. On the western side, the rivers flow swiftly and make a number of waterfalls like the Jog Falls on the Sharavati River.v. The slope is gentle towards the eastern side of the Western Ghats and the main rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rise from the eastern slopes and flow eastwards and fall into the Bay of Bengal. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: vi. The Thai Ghat, Bhor Ghat and Pal…

A relief map shows the height of the land above the mean sea level on a flat surface. Several methods have been developed to show the relief features on a map. Some of them are the contours, form lines, layer- colouring, hill-shading, spot heights, bench marks, hachure’s, etc. These methods have their merits and demerits. Sometimes a combination of these methods is adopted, such as contours and form lines, contours and layer-colouring, etc. 1. Contours: A contour is an imaginary line of constant height above the mean sea level. The difference between the values of any two successive contours is known as the contour interval, or the vertical interval (V.I.). The horizontal distance between any two contours is called the horizontal equivalent or H.E. Its value depends upon the slope…

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for providing safe food to citizens. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, laid down guidelines to provide pure and wholesome foods to consumers. The Act was last amended in 1986 to make punishments more stringent and to empower consumers further.Food adulteration is the addition or mixing of inferior, harmful, substandard, useless or unnecessary substances to foods. This spoils the nature and quality of food items and is considered food adulteration. 1. Milk Adulteration: In India, which is the land of cows, large quantities of milk are adulterated. Milk adulteration involves adding water to milk and removing the beneficial fats from milk. Often soya milk, starch, groundnut milk, and wheat flour are added to milk. This makes the milk less nutritious…