Category: Essays

To understand the conception of coparce­nary it is necessary to note the distinction between ancestral and separate property. The property inherited by a Hindu from his father’s father and father’s is ancestral property. Property inherited by other relations is his separate property. The essential feature of ancestral property is that if that person inherit­ing it has sons, grandsons or great grandsons, they become joint owners with him. They become entitled to it by reason of their birth. Father, son, son’s and son’s son together constitute coparcenary, because they have common ownership in the ances­tral property. The conception of a joint Hindu family constituting a copar­cenary is that of a common male ancestor with his lineal descen­dants in the male line four degrees counting from and inclusive of such ancestor. No…

Legal Provisions of Section 97 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Search for persons wrongfully confined:Application of Section 97 is limited to persons who are wrongfully confined. Where a person is confined under such circumstances that the confinement amounts to an offence of wrongful confinement (Section 340, I.P.C.), a search warrant may be issued by District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first class for the person so confined. Therefore, the warrant issued under this section is in the nature of a writ of habeas corpus for rescue of a wrongfully confined person by the police under an order of the Magistrate. ADVERTISEMENTS: Before issuing a warrant under this section, the Magistrate has to satisfy himself that a person has been wrongfully detained. However, this section does…

Legal Provisions of Section 78 of Indian Penal Code, 1860.Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court: ADVERTISEMENTS: The section is a natural corollary to section 77 of the Code. It protects those who execute a judgment or order of the Court of Justice. The section says that whilst a judgment or order of a Court of Justice remains in force, anything done in pursuance of the same or warranted by the same is not an offence even if the Court may not have jurisdiction to pass such judgment or order provided the person who does the act believes in good faith that the Court did have such jurisdiction.The responsibility to prove good faith is on the accused and ‘good faith’ has the same meaning as given under…

Legal Provisions of Section 1 of Indian Penal Code, 1860.Title and extent of operation of the Code: ADVERTISEMENTS: This section gives a name, the Indian Penal Code, to this Act and clearly states that the Code shall be in operation throughout India except in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. In that State another Code, the Ranbir Penal Code, is in existence. Many provisions of these two Codes are similar in nature.The expression ‘India’ has been defined in Section 18 of this Code as excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir. According to Article 1 (1) of the Constitution of India, India shall be a Union of States. Article 1 (2) states that the States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule. Article 1 (3)…

This is also called recurrent crossing. Characters which are desirable are selectively transferred from one individual to the other in this method. For example, a trait such as disease resistance frost resistance etc.Present in a variety where the yield is not good are sought to be transferred on to a variety with a high yield but is easily susceptible for the disease. Back cross is done as follows.Let us assume plant A is a high yielding variety but susceptible to the disease and plant is hardy but with less yield. In order to bring together high yield as well as hardiness, the two plants are crossed and an F, progeny is obtained. Image Source: findyourtattoo.net ADVERTISEMENTS: F, individuals with both the desired traits (high yield and resistance) are selected and…

Consequences of new Cartesian sign convention:In new Cartesian sign convention, the poll P of the spherical mirror is taken as the origin and the principal axis of the mirror along the X-axis of the coordinate system. Keeping this in mind, we can easily note the following facts: (i) Object distance u is always taken negative, because the object is placed on the left of the mirror. ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) In case of a concave mirror, a real image is formed in front (left) of the mirror and a virtual image is formed behind (right of) the mirror, so image distance v is negative for a real image and positive for a virtual image.(iii) In case of a convex mirror, the image distance v is always positive because the image is formed…

Sec. 442 defines “House-trespass”.Sec. 442. House-trespass:Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit “house-trespass”. Image Source : fw008613-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Explanation:The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser’s body is entering sufficient to constitute house trespass.Important Points: ADVERTISEMENTS: A. Ingredients: 1. Criminal trespass plus entering into a residential house is called house-trespass and is an essential ingredient of this offence.2. The property used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship or as a place for the custody of the property is the subject matter of this offence.3. House-trespass is an…

The wild gene is described first and is given the symbol of a capital letter (A,B,C etc) the next in the series has the same capital letter but is super scribed on top with a suitable small letter This small letter is the identifying mark for the allele.The series of alleles have the same capital letter but with different small letters on top. We shall study some examples of multiple allelic series both in plants and animals. The following traits have been proved to be multiple alleles in different organisms: 1. Coat Color in Rabbits: In rabbits a series of skin colors are seen. These are – Image Source: 3.bp.blogspot.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Full Color: (Wild) The skin color of the ordinary rabbit is referred to as full color with banded strips…

It is also known as hypothalamic system and is perhaps the single most important endocrine system in the body.Most of the endocrine glands of vertebrates and almost all somatic cells are influenced in their metabolism and function by secretions from this system In turn, the pituitary gland or system is regulated by nervous or nenrosecretory information stemming from the hypothalamus or by blood-borne agents that are carried through the hypothalamus before entering the pituitary’. ADVERTISEMENTS: The pituitary gland, also called the’ hypophysis, is a small unpaired rounded body about the size of a large pea weighing approximately 5 g.It has been called the “master” gland because of the multiplicity of its functions, and because it controls many of the other endocrine glands. Image Source: medguidance.comIt is found at the base…

Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply:The rules regarding summary procedure shall apply to the following courts, namely: (a) High Courts, city civil courts and courts of small causes; and (b) other courts. In respect of the courts referred to in cl. (b), however, the High Court may, by notification in the Official Gazette, restrict the operation of this Order only to such categories of suits as it deems proper and may also, from time to time, by subsequent notification in the Official Gazette, further restrict, enlarge or vary the categories of suits to be brought under the operation of Order XXXVII as it deems proper. (Order XXXVII, Rule 1).Word ‘trial’ in S. 10 is not used in its widest suit. The concept is not…