Category: Essays

Legal provisions regarding power to postpone or adjourn proceedings under section 309 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.As per Section 309(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, in every inquiry or trial, the proceedings shall be held as expeditiously as possible, and in particular, when the examination of witnesses has once begun, the same shall be continued from day to day until all the witnesses in attendance have been examined, unless the Court finds the adjournment of the same beyond the following day to be necessary for reasons to be recorded. Image Source: healthcarereformdigest.com ADVERTISEMENTS: According to Section 209(2) of the Code, if the Court, after taking cognizance of an offence, or commencement of trial, finds it necessary or advisable to postpone the commencement of, or adjourn, any inquiry…

Important Zonal Divisions of Wildlife in India – Essay(i) The Himalayas (ii) Peninsular India (iii) Tropical evergreen forest region or Indo-Malayan Sub- region (iv) Andaman and Nicobar Islands and (v) Mangrove Swamps of Sundarbans. Image Source: thewildlifeofindia.com (I) The Himalayas: The Himalayas can be sub-divided into three parts. ADVERTISEMENTS: Western Himalayas: There are numerous species of bovines in the western Himalayas. Yak (Ladakh the Shapu or Urial, Bhoral the blue sheep and Nayar; the beautiful Kashmir stag, brother of the European red stag and the Kastura or the musk deer, Himalayan, black bear, Slou or Sikkim stag.Eastern Himalayas: ADVERTISEMENTS: Serow and goral are the goat antelopes found here. The other mammals are the one horned rhinoceros, the hog deer, clouded leopard, tigers, and panthers, Chinese Pangolin, Barasinga Sambar, Chital and…

Section 155 of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with information relating to non-cognizable cases, and it is provided that when information is given to an Officer-in-charge of a Police Station about the commission of a non-cognizable offence, he must enter the substance of the information in a book to be kept in the prescribed form, and refer the informant to the Magistrate. Image Source: nnimgt-a.akamaihd.netIt is important to note that no Police Officer can investigate a non- cognizable case without the order of a Magistrate. If the Police Officer receives the Magistrate’s order, he can exercise the same powers of investigation as he can exercise in the case of a cognizable offence. ADVERTISEMENTS: Moreover, if one case relates to two or more offences, of which at least one is…

Ganga Deltaic Tract: 1. It extends only for 430 kms from Rajmahal Hills to the edge of the delta Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org2. It width is 480 kms. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Ganga Delta has more silt and alluvium.4. Ganga deposits are of fine grains.5. Depth of alluvium is more Indus Deltaic Tract: 1. It is far more extensive sive and stands 960 kms from the Chenab ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Its width is 160 kms. i.e., one-third of the Ganga delta.3. Sind Delta has compa­ratively less silt and alluvium.4. The alluvium of Sind delta is comparatively coarser.5. Depth of alluvium is less.

Legal provisions regarding powers of High Court to make further enquiry and receive additional evidence for confirmation of death sentence before its execution under section 366 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 366 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 requires confirmation by the High Court of a sentence of death passed by the Court of Session, before it being executed. In the reference proceeding under Section 367, the High Court, if it thinks fit, is empowered to make further inquiry and receive additional evidence upon any point bearing upon the guilt or innocence of the convicted person. Image Source: cdn.loc.gov ADVERTISEMENTS: Under Section 368, the High Court may confirm the sentence, annul it or pass any other sentence, or convict the accused of any offence of which the…

Differences Between Greater, Lesser and Lower Himalayas are as follows: Greater/Inner Himalayas: 1. The highest mountain range of the Himalayas. Image Source: freegknotes.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Under perpetual snow, these ranges have an average height of about 6000m.3. Mountain peaks with a height of more than 8000m are situated in this mountain range. (Eg: Kanchenjunga- 8595m, Nangaparbat- 8126m) Lesser/Middle Himalayas: 1. Situated to the south of the Himadri2. Average height is above 3000m ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Many health resorts are situated on the southern slope of the mountain range, eg: Shimla, Darjeeling. Outer/Lower Himalayas: 1. This is the outer most range, situated on the south of the lesser Himalayas.2. These discontinuous ranges join the lesser Himalayas in the extreme east.3. Its average height is about 1200m

Khadar (New): 1. The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains. Image Source: yourarticlelibrary.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Found in the lower levels in the plains near the rivers.3. Loamy, porous, soil.4. More fertile than Bhangar as new layers are deposited year after year during monsoonal floods Bhangar (old): ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains.2. Found higher up in the plains at river terraces away from rivers.3. Clayey and non-porous.4. Less fertile than Khadar

Differences between West Coast of Peninsular India and and East Coast of Peninsular India are as follows: West Coast of Peninsular India: 1. It lies along the Arabian Sea. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. It is narrow and uneven.3. It has estuaries and lagoons.4. Known as the Konkan Coast in Maharashtra, Kanara Coast in Karnataka & Malabar Coast in Kerala. East Coast of Peninsular India: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. It lies along the Bay of Bengal.2. It is wider and more level.3. It has fertile deltas of rivers.4. Known as the Northern Circars in the North and Coromandal Coast in the South.

Importance of Power and Authority in Public Administrations – EssaySometimes, the terms ‘power’ and authority are used synonymously but they are separate, though closely related, concepts. Henry Fayol defined authority as the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: He distinguished between a manager’s official authority of position (formal authority) and his personal authority, which derives from knowledge and experience. Power on the other hand, is the ability to exert influence by which a manager directs the actions of others. The term ‘power’ connotes ability or capacity to do something or to get intended results.A person may have influence on other’s behaviour even without any legal sanction. Power also accompanies the use of authority in the control, direction or utilisation of resources.Persons may…

Legal provisions regarding procedure when bond has been forfeited under section 446 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.(1) Where a bond under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is for appearance, or for production of property, before a Court and it is proved t o the satisfaction of that Court, or of any Court to which the case has subsequently been transferred, that the bond has been forfeited, or where, in respect of any other bond under the Code of Criminal Procedure, it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court by which the bond was taken, or of any Court to which the case has subsequently been transferred, or of the Court of any Magistrate of the first class, that the bond has been forfeited, the Court shall…