Category: Essays

Essay on the Main Patterns of Distribution of Biota over the Globe !The plants and animals exhibit the following specific patterns of distribution over the globe: 1. Continuous Distribution: A taxon distributed throughout the world in all climatic zones or in all the continents in at least one climatic zone is said to have continuous distribution. It is of the following types:. image source: desertbruchid.net ADVERTISEMENTS: Cosmopolitan distribution:Such a taxon or a species occurs in all climatic zones. The common plant species of nearly cosmopolitan distribution are Chenopodium album, Taraxcum offi­cinale, Phragmites communis, Urtica dioica, Poa annua, etc. Among the animals the following species have cosmopolitan dis­tribution: Tyto Alba, Ardea cineria, Falco pereginus, Vanessa cardui, Nonrrophria noctuella, and Macrobiotus hufelandi.Circumpolar distribution: ADVERTISEMENTS: Certain species such as Saxiphraga oppositaefolia, Carex lapponica,…

Section 408 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant: Image Source: hinterlandgazette.com“Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.” ADVERTISEMENTS: Ingredients of offence:The essential ingredients of the offence underSections 408 are as follows:(1) Accused was a clerk or servant; ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) In such capacity accused was entrusted with certain property or had domain over that property which was not his own;(3) Accused committed criminal breach of…

Legal Provisions of Section 61 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India. Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.comForms of summons: ADVERTISEMENTS: Every summons issued by a Court under this Code shall be in writing, in duplicate, signed by the presiding officer of such Court or by such other officer as the High Court may, from time to time, by rule direct, and shall bear the seal of the Court.Comment: Summons may be issued to the accused as well as to other persons to appear before the Court to (i) produce documents or thing (Section 91); (ii) to a witness to produce any document or thing. Section 145 (9); (iii) to the accused persons (Section 204); and (iv) to a witness [Section 244(2)].There is no distinction between the service as contemplated by Section…

The distinctions between Theft and Criminal Misappropriation are as follows:(1) In theft the property is taken out of the possession of another person and the offence is complete as soon as the property is moved. In criminal misappropriation there is no invasion of another’s possession. The property often comes innocently into possession. Image Source: pearlsofprofundity.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) In theft taking of thing is wrongful from the very beginning, in criminal misappropriation it may be innocent and lawful. It is the subsequent change of mind that makes the lawful taking into unlawful act in criminal misappropriation.(3) The property in respect of which the offence is committed must be movable in both theft and criminal misappropriation.(4) In theft mere moving itself is an offence. But in criminal misappropriation, the moving may not…

Any person in whose charge a juvenile is placed in pursuance of this Act shall, while the order is in force have the control over the juvenile as he would have if he were his parents, and shall-be responsible for his maintenance, and the juvenile shall continue in his charge the period stated by competent authority, notwithstanding that he is claimed by his parents or any other person. Image Source: fellheimerfamilylaw.comComment: ADVERTISEMENTS: The person in whose charge a juvenile is placed in the absence of his parents shall have control over the juvenile and will look after him, as if he were his parents. The juvenile shall remain in his charge although he is claimed by his parents or any other person.

Here is your Essay on Synapses!Synapses are the link between one neuron and another. They are usually found between the fine branches at the end of one axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. The number of synapses is usually very large, providing a large surface area for the transfer of information. Image Source: drmarkpbarry.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Synapses consist of swelling at the end of nerve fibre called synaptic knob lying in close proximity to the membrane of dendrite.The cytoplasm of this knob contains numerous mitochondria (for energy) and small synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitter, acetylcholine for the transmission of the nerve impulse across the synapse. The gap between pre- and post- synaptic membrane is called synaptic cleft.The presynaptic membrane is modified for the attachment of…

Whoever gives, or causes to be given, to any juvenile or the child any intoxicating liquor in a public place or any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance except upon the order of duly qualified medical practitioner or in case of sickness shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Image Source: homewetbar.comComment: ADVERTISEMENTS: The section prohibits giving of intoxicating liquor or narcotic drug or psychotropic substance to juvenile or child without the prescription by a qualified medical practitioner.The term ‘narcotic drug ‘ includes—(i) opium and its derivatives like brown sugar, heroin and codeine, (ii) Cocaine, (iii) Cannabis, and (iv) Methadene, pethedine, hebaine etc.The term ‘psychotrophic substances’ includes within it Valium, daizepam, tidijesic, morphine etc.In view of the…

Whoever, having the actual charge of or control over, a juvenile or the child, assaults, abandons, exposes or wilfully neglects the juvenile or causes or procures him to be assaulted, abondoned, exposed or neglected in a manner likely to cause such juvenile or the child unnecessary mental or physical suffering shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or fine, or with both. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Comment: Cruelty to juvenile or child is punishable under this section with imprisonment which may extend to six months or fine, or with both. The word ‘cruelty’ for the purpose of this section includes—(i) assault, (ii) abandonment (iii) exposure, or (iv) wilful neglect of juvenile or child which causes him mental or physical suffering.The term ‘assault’ has…

Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org(1) Whoever, employees or uses any juvenile or the child for the purpose or causes any juvenile to beg shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Whoever, having the actual charge of, or control over a juvenile or the child abets the commission of the offence punishable under sub-section (I), shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year and shall also be liable to fine.Comment: Employment of juveniles or children for the purpose of begging has been made an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine, under this section. Sub-section (2) further provides that where a person…

Short Essay on Arithmetic Mean !The arithmetic mean,’ mean or average is calculated by summ­ing all the individual observations or items of a sample and divid­ing this sum by the number of items in the sample. For example, as the result of a gas analysis in a respirometer an investigator obtains the following four readings of oxygen percentages: image source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 14.910.812.323.3 ADVERTISEMENTS: ___________Sum=61.3He calculates the mean oxygen percentage as the sum of the four items divided by the number of items—here, by four. Thus the average oxygen percentage isMean = 61.3 / 4 =15.325% ADVERTISEMENTS: Calculating a mean presents us with the opportunity for learning statistical symbolism. An individual observation is symbo­lized by Yi, which stands for the ith observation in the sample. Four observations could be written…