Category: Essays

Investigation includes all the proceedings under this Code for the collection of evidence, conducted by a Police Officer, or by any person (other than a Magistrate) who is authorised by a Magistrate in this behalf. image source: cdn.abclocal.go.com “Investigation”, “Inquiry” and “Trial”: Three stages in a Criminal Case: The three terms “investigation”, “inquiry” and “trial” ordinarily denote three different stages of a criminal trial. The first stage is reached when a Police Officer, either by himself or under an order of a Magistrate, investigates into a case. ADVERTISEMENTS: If he finds that no offence has been committed, he drops the proceedings. But if he forms an opinion that an offence has been committed, he sends up the case to a Magistrate. Then commences the second stage.The Magistrate inquires into the…

Section 37 of the Code of Criminal Procedure makes it the duty of every person to assist a Magistrate or Police, when reasonably called to do—(a) For preventing the escape of any other person whom such Magistrate or Police Officer is authorised to arrest; or(b) For preventing or suppressing a breach of the peace; or image source: cdn.shareyouressays.com/ ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Preventing an injury attempted to be committed to any railway, canal, telegraph or other public property.The word “reasonably” used in the section indicates that no person is bound to obey an unreasonable order of a Magistrate or Police Officer. Thus, in one case, when a Magistrate ordered a landlord to find a clue to a theft within 15 days, it was held that such order was unreasonable and unwarranted by…

1. pH in our digestive system: Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. This dilute hydrochloric acid helps in digesting our food without harming the stomach. Sometime, excess of acid is produced in the stomach for various reasons such as overeating.The excess acid in the stomach causes indigestion which produces pain and irritation. In order to cure indigestion and get rid of pain, we can take bases called antacids. Being basic in nature, antacids react with excess acid in the stomach and neutralize it.The two common antacids used for curing indigestion due to acidity are Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) and Sodium hydrogen carbonate. Image Source: dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net 2. pH change as the cause of tooth decay: ADVERTISEMENTS: When we eat food containing sugar, then the bacteria present in our mouth break down…

Different Uses of Concave Mirror and Convex Mirror are explained below: Image Source: ecx.images-amazon.com Uses of Concave Mirrors: 1. Shaving mirror: A concave mirror is used as a shaving or make-up mirror because it forms erect and enlarged image of the face when it is held closer to the face. 2. As head mirror: ADVERTISEMENTS: E.N.T. specialists use a concave mirror on their forehead. The light from a lamp after reflection from the mirror is focused into the throat, ear or nose of the patient making the affected part more visible. 3. In ophthalmoscope: It consists of a concave mirror with a small hole at its centre. The doctor looks through the hole from behind the mirror while a beam of light from a lamp reflected from it is directed…

The modes for reproduction in unicellular organisms are: Image Source: images.slideplayer.com (i) Binary fission: It is found in unicellular animals like amoeba, paramecium, euglena, etc. After attaining an optimum size the adult individual undergoes a simple division into two daughters of equal size. ADVERTISEMENTS: It consists of division of the nucleus followed by cleavage of cytoplasm into equal parts, each having a daughter nucleus.Binary fission can occur in any place in amoeba. It is longitudinal in euglena and transverse in Paramecium.The organisms undergoing binary fission are almost immortal since they never grow old but divide to form two young offspring after attaining the adult size. (ii) Multiple fission: The mode of asexual reproduction is found in unicellular animals or protozoans, e.g., amoeba, Plasmodium, monocystis. The nucleus of the parent cell…

The Harmandir Sahib and the Darbar Sahib located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab (India) are informally known as the Golden Temple. Built in the 16th Century by Guru Arjan Dev, the golden Temple opens from four gates which symbolises the openness of Sikhism towards all the people and all the religions.Jasa Singh Ahluwalia with the help of other Sikh Misl’s re- builded the present- day Gurudwara in 1764 with the intention of building a place of worship for all the men and women irrespective of their cast or social status. Guru Granth Sahib, the most holy text of Sikhism is always present inside the Golden Temple.The temple welcomes more than one lakh worshippers on a daily basis. As the name states, the Golden Temple is made up of pure…

Aquatic lives are much different than normal terrestrial lives. Aquatic animals are those that live inside water. They have a provision in body to make their respiration. These aquatic animals are especially characterized as the one who don’t get a close contact with the world outside water.Fish is one good example of aquatic animal. There are many types of aquatic animals. If these animals are in contact with the outer world in the absence of water they can not breathe they die every soon within few minutes. Fish consumes oxygen from inside the water molecules. They can not breathe oxygen normally from the outside air.Many people use fish as their food, but this aquatic animal life is in danger because of continuous decline in their population. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS:…

Image Source: 3.bp.blogspot.com (i) Valence electrons: On moving from left to right in a period, the number of valence electrons increases from one to eight (except first period where the increase is from one to two only.) (ii) Valency: The valency of elements increases from one to four, then decreases to one and becomes zero in the case of inert gases. For example, in compounds Lick, BeCl2, BC13 and CC14, the valency of Li, Be, B and C are 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, whereas in compounds. ADVERTISEMENTS: NH3, H20, HF the valency of N, O, F are 3, 2 and 1 respectively. (iii) Zero groups: At the end of each period is the zero group elements, the inert gas. (iv) Size of atoms: Atomic radii of the elements…

Legal Provisions of Section 84 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Claims and objections to attachment:The claims or objections as to the right in respect of property attached under Section 83 are decided as per the procedure detailed out in this present section. The Court ordering attachment of the absconder may enquire into the claims and objections and either allow or reject them. Image Source: ospreystrategicresearch.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The Court which seized the attached property should give fullest opportunity to the party affected to contest the proceedings and orders should not be passed in the absence of the party concerned.The section does not bar a party to institute a suit in a Civil Court within one year for his right in respect of attached property which has been disallowed by…

Legal Provisions of Section 192 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Making over of cases to Magistrates:This section enables the Chief Judicial Magistrate to distribute the work among different Judicial Magistrates for the sake of administrative convenience. The Chief Judicial Magistrate has the power to transfer the case from his file to that of a competent Magistrate subordinate to him for inquiry or trial. In order to exercise power under this section, the following conditions must be fulfilled— Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. The Chief Judicial Magistrate should first have taken cognizance of an offence before he makes an order of transfer of the case;2. The transfer of case should be made to Magistrate subordinate to him;3. The transfer of case should be for the purpose of inquiry or…