Category: Essays

Hearing: Pinna collects and amplifies sound waves which then pass along the auditory canal to the eardrum.i. Sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations in its thin stretched membrane. The eustachian tube equalizes air pressure on either side of eardrum which allows a free vibration. ADVERTISEMENTS: ii. The vibrations reach ear ossicles in the middle ear. Ear ossicles transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the denser fluid in the inner ear.iii. The lever-like action of malleus and incus magnifies the vibrations of the stapes. Image Source: endoplasmiccurriculum.files.wordpress.comiv. The vibrating stapes transmits vibrations to the membrane of the oval window.v. Vibrations from oval window get transmitted to cochlea. This leads to vibration in the fluid of cochlear canals. ADVERTISEMENTS: vi. Vibration of fluid in cochlear canals triggers movement of sensory…

Antiseptics reduce the possibility of infection, or putrefaction by germs.Some common antiseptics are: Antiseptic i. Methylated Spirit or Alcohol: Used to disinfect the skin before injections are given. ii. Boric Acid: ADVERTISEMENTS: Used to treat yeast infections, and also used in creams for burns. iii. Hydrogen Peroxide: Used as very dilute solution to clean wounds and ulcers. iv. Iodine: Used as a pre- and post-operative antiseptic. v. Phenol Compounds: Used as a scrub’ for pre­operative hand cleansing. Used in the form of a powder as an antiseptic baby powder. Also used in mouthwashes. vi. Sodium Chloride: ADVERTISEMENTS: Used as a general cleanser. Sodium hypochlorite, Lyzol, Benzoic acid, mercurochrome in dilute solution are also used as antiseptic. Disinfectants: Disinfectants are frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens and bathrooms to kill…

Some of the many arguments against Mill’s Utilitarianism are given below: (1) Arguments against hedonism: Mill’s theory being hedonistic, all the arguments against Hedonism apply to it Hedonism becomes partial due to its excessive emphasis only on the sentiment aspect of human life. In the overall or complete satisfaction of the self, the satisfaction of both reason and feeling is necessary. Image Source: fixquotes.com (2) Difference between Pleasure and happiness: ADVERTISEMENTS: Mill treated happiness as the ultimate goal but then made a blunder by calling it pleasure. There is difference between pleasure and happiness. According to Dewey, “Pleasure is transitory and relative, enduring while some specific activity endures, and having reference only to that activity.Happiness is permanent and universal. It results only when the act is such a one as…

The basic idea underlying Parliamentary system is that the head of the state is the nominal executive, the real executive power lies with the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the lower house of the Parliament.As a consequence of conventions, Indian President is vested with all executive power, but we exercise this power duly on the advice of Council of Ministers.The real Executive is the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Their collective responsibility ensures that they remain in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the Parliament. They swim and sink together. Image Source: i.dailymail.co.uk 1. Appointment of Ministers: ADVERTISEMENTS: While the Prime Minister is selected by the President, the other ministers are appointed by the President on the advice…

The issue of a warrant is a more drastic step than the issue of a summons. Ordinarily, a warrant is issued only in serious cases and after a duly served summons is disobeyed or if the accused has willfully avoided the service of the summons.The following are the six requirements of a valid warrant: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) It must be in writing.(ii) It must be signed by the Presiding Officer of the Court issuing the warrant. image source: tribkcpq.files.wordpress.com(iii) It must bear the seal of the Court.(iv) It must contain the description of the person to be arrested with sufficient certainty so as to identify him clearly. ADVERTISEMENTS: (v) It must clearly specify the offence.(vi) It must also name the person who is to execute such warrant.The following is a specimen…

Humanity can be defined as quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. Being human does not mean that an individual possesses humanity.If you want to understand the quality of humanity in an individual take note of what he does for people who give noting back in return to the favour they have offered.One of the most outstanding examples of extra- ordinary humanity in a human being has been portrayed beautifully by Mother Teresa. Humanity means caring for and helping others whenever and wherever possible. Humanity means helping others at times when they need that help the most, humanity means forgetting your selfish interests at times when others need your help. Image Source: a2.files.biography.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Humanity means extending unconditional love to…

Investigation includes all the proceedings under this Code for the collection of evidence, conducted by a Police Officer, or by any person (other than a Magistrate) who is authorised by a Magistrate in this behalf. image source: cdn.abclocal.go.com “Investigation”, “Inquiry” and “Trial”: Three stages in a Criminal Case: The three terms “investigation”, “inquiry” and “trial” ordinarily denote three different stages of a criminal trial. The first stage is reached when a Police Officer, either by himself or under an order of a Magistrate, investigates into a case. ADVERTISEMENTS: If he finds that no offence has been committed, he drops the proceedings. But if he forms an opinion that an offence has been committed, he sends up the case to a Magistrate. Then commences the second stage.The Magistrate inquires into the…

Section 37 of the Code of Criminal Procedure makes it the duty of every person to assist a Magistrate or Police, when reasonably called to do—(a) For preventing the escape of any other person whom such Magistrate or Police Officer is authorised to arrest; or(b) For preventing or suppressing a breach of the peace; or image source: cdn.shareyouressays.com/ ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Preventing an injury attempted to be committed to any railway, canal, telegraph or other public property.The word “reasonably” used in the section indicates that no person is bound to obey an unreasonable order of a Magistrate or Police Officer. Thus, in one case, when a Magistrate ordered a landlord to find a clue to a theft within 15 days, it was held that such order was unreasonable and unwarranted by…

1. pH in our digestive system: Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. This dilute hydrochloric acid helps in digesting our food without harming the stomach. Sometime, excess of acid is produced in the stomach for various reasons such as overeating.The excess acid in the stomach causes indigestion which produces pain and irritation. In order to cure indigestion and get rid of pain, we can take bases called antacids. Being basic in nature, antacids react with excess acid in the stomach and neutralize it.The two common antacids used for curing indigestion due to acidity are Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) and Sodium hydrogen carbonate. Image Source: dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net 2. pH change as the cause of tooth decay: ADVERTISEMENTS: When we eat food containing sugar, then the bacteria present in our mouth break down…

Different Uses of Concave Mirror and Convex Mirror are explained below: Image Source: ecx.images-amazon.com Uses of Concave Mirrors: 1. Shaving mirror: A concave mirror is used as a shaving or make-up mirror because it forms erect and enlarged image of the face when it is held closer to the face. 2. As head mirror: ADVERTISEMENTS: E.N.T. specialists use a concave mirror on their forehead. The light from a lamp after reflection from the mirror is focused into the throat, ear or nose of the patient making the affected part more visible. 3. In ophthalmoscope: It consists of a concave mirror with a small hole at its centre. The doctor looks through the hole from behind the mirror while a beam of light from a lamp reflected from it is directed…