Category: Nutrition

Genetically modified or GM crops as they are commonly known refers to the plants whose DNA has been modified with the help of genetic engineering techniques and are then grown and cultivated.Mutation Breeding was the earlier alternative to provide better yields where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to bring permanent change to the quality of the plant and its yield.Selective breeding, animal or plant breeding was also done to introduce new traits into a plant that it did not possess naturally. The objectives were primarily to prevent attack of insects and pests, resistance to diseases and changing environmental conditions, enabling a plant to grow in a different soil and climate than the one in which it normally grows. 3rdeyevisionblog.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: A GM crop involves techniques that are…

Before highlighting the concept of Anatomy and Physiology, we all should know that in physical education and sports the only elements that in use is nothing but human body itself.It is from Human body that performs in various sports and physical activities, exercises etc. It means that no physical activities, exercises, performances etc., can be performed with the help of human body.Anatomy and Physiology are interrelated with each other and without understanding anatomy and physiology, we cannot even think of physical education and sports. previews.123rf.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In order to study physical education and sports from scientific point of view, one should have familiar with anatomy and physiology. The studies of human bodily movements and effects of exercises on human body are performed only with the help and knowledge of anatomy…

Mendelian inheritance deals with characters which are contrasting and which have only two states of existence i.e. dominant or recessive are controlled by a single pair of genes.In pea plants, the characters chosen by Mendel were clear cut representing two extremes without any intermediary or intergradations stages.These variations are called discontinuous variations and represent a qualitative difference between the two genes. Image Source: http://loghouseplants.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Even in Mendel’s experiments some minor quantitative differences did appear which he ignored on a statistical basis.However Mendel was able to formulate his laws, because by and large the characters he studied (luckily for him) represented the simplest pattern of inheritance.Not all characters in organisms can be analyzed by a qualitative assessment. Certain characters like height, weight, size, yield etc. are on a quantitative dimension…

57 Questions with Answers and Explanations on Biological Classification for Biology Students.1. Static concept of species was put forward by (a) de Candolle Image Source: ic.ucsc.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Linnaeus(c) Theophrastus(d) Darwin. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation: 1. (c): Linnaeus, 1758 developed “Binomial system of nomenclature”, de Candolle gave the term taxonomy. Theophrastus, father of botany, gave names and descriptions of 480 plants in his book. ‘Histuria plantarum’ and Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection or origin of species.2. The term “New Systematics” was introduced by (a) Bentham and Hooker ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Linnaeus(c) Julian Huxley(d) A.P. de Candolle.Answer and Explanation: 2. (c): The term “New Systematics” was given by Julian Huxley (1940). This classification takes into account the cytological, morphological, genetical, anatomical, palynological and physiological characters. 3. Classification given by Bentham…

69 Questions with Answers and Explanations on Mendelian & Post Mendelian Genetics for Biology Students.1. Which contribute to the success of Mendel? (a) qualitative analysis of data Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) observation of distinct inherited traits(c) his knowledge of biology(d) consideration of one character at one time. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (c): Consideration of one character at one time contribute to the success of Mendel. Mendel’s contribution was unique because of his methodological approach to a definite problem, use of clear cut variables and application of mathematics (statistics) to the problem. Using pea plants and statistical methods, Mendel was able to demonstrate that traits were passed from each parent inheritance of genes.2. Two linked genes a and b show 20% recombination, the individuals of a dihybrid cross between ++/+…

144 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Animal Kingdom” for Biology Students.1. Animals/organisms floating on the surface of water are (a) plankton Image Source: sandmanhotelgroup.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) pelagic(c) benthos(d) neritic. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (a): Plankton are minute pelagic organisms that drift or float passively with the current in a sea or lake. Plankton includes many microscopic organisms, such as algae, protozoans, various animal larvae, and some worms. Pelagic are the organisms that swim or drift in a sea or a lake. Benthos consists of flora and fauna occurring on the bottom of a sea or lake. Neritic zone is the region of the sea over the continental shelf, which is less than 200 metres deep.2. Organ Pipe Coral is (a) Tubipora ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Astraea(c) Helipora(d) Fungia.Answer and Explanation:2. (a):…

80 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Plant Kingdom” for Botany Students.1. Sexual reproduction involving fusion of two cells in Chlamydomonas is Image Source: c14608526.r26.cf2.rackcdn.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) isogamy(b) homogamy(c) somatogamy(d) hologamy. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (d): Isogamy involves the fusion of gametes which are morphologically and physiologically similar. They are called isogametes. In Chlamydomonas, two vegetative cells may fuse to form a zygospore and the phenomenon is called as hologamy. As a result of fusion of two gametes, zygospore is formed.2. Prothallus (gametophyte) gives rise to fern plant (sporophyte) without fertilization. It is (a) apospory ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) apogamy(c) parthenocarpy(d) parthenogenesis.Answer and Explanation:2. (b): Prothallus (gametophyte) gives rise to fern plant (sporophyte) without fertilization. This phenomenon is called apogamy. Development of sporophyte from gametophyte without forming gamete is apogamy. Such sporophyte…

20 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Kingdom Fungi” for Biology Students.1. Lichens indicate SO2 pollution because they Image Source: images.slideplayer.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) show association between algae and fungi(b) grow faster than others(c) are sensitive to SO2(d) flourish in SO2 rich environment. ADVERTISEMENTS: Answer and Explanation:1. (c): Lichens are found in Artie Tundra region where no other plant can grow. Lichens prefer to grow in pollution free environment. They are often used as a indicator of pollution and also they are very sensitive to SO2. They are first to die in a polluted environment (more SO2).2. Absorptive heterotrophic nutrition is exhibited by (a) algae ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) fungi(c) bryophytes(d) pteridophytes.Answer and Explanation:2. (b): The true fungi or the eumycetes are special types of achlorophyllous thallophytic organisms living a parasitic or a…

Anticoagulant prevents clotting from blood. It is used in haematological laboratory where complete blood or plasma is required; depending upon the test to be done, the type of anticoagulant is decided.Most of the anticoagulants prevent clotting by removing calcium, or iron which are necessary for clotting process. Every anticoagulant is added in fixed proportion to blood. Source Image:siriomedicine.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Anticoagulants are of following types:Chemical Anticoagulant:These anticoagulants are prepared in laboratory.These are as follows. ADVERTISEMENTS: i. Citrate:a. Trisodium citrateb. Disodium citrateii. EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. CPD: Citrate phosphate dextroseiv. OxalateCitrate: a. Trisodium citrate:This anticoagulant is prepared by dissolving 3.8 gm of tri-sodium citrate in 100 ml of distilled water. 0.4 ml of anticoagulant is required for 2 ml of blood. Addition of dextrose to anticoagulant provides nutrition to…

1. Role of Plant Physiology in the Improvement of Varieties: Plant breeders use the method of selection for crop improvement. Selection on the basis of only external characters is not fruitful. Image Source: qsarticle.comTherefore, its protein content, oil content, carbohydrate content and various other substances of nutritional importance must be tested before proper selection. Plant physiology thus plays an important and essential role in specifying the features for which the plant breeder must select the crop. 2. Role in Soil Fertility: ADVERTISEMENTS: Our knowledge of mineral nutrition of different crop plants provided extensive revisions in the application of fertilizers. It is now possible to recommend specific organic fertilizers or inorganic salts using knowledge of plant physiology. 3. Role of Auxins: (a) Auxins are used to prevent premature fruit drop, when…