Category: Design

Nature has endowed India with huge water resources. We have perennial rivers like Ganga, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Beas and others along with their tributaries and distributaries besides in North and Eastern India, we have spring fed and rain fed rivers in central and peninsular India-the major among these being- Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti and Kaveri.These huge potential water resources notwithstanding, we are facing a water crisis across the country. Over the years, rising population, growing industrialisation and expanding agriculture have pushed up the demand for water. Monsoon is still the main hope of our agriculture.Water conservation has become the need of the day. Rainwater harvesting is a way to capture the rainwater at the time of downpour, store that water above the ground or charge the underground water and use it…

War and peace are the two natural instincts of man. First, man resorts to war to solve some problem or the other but when no solution is in sight, he yearns for peace. Again, during peace time, he keeps his gun powder dry. He keeps the nation alert and fully prepared. Indeed, he thinks that military preparedness is a good deterrent to war. In this manner, the vicious circle of war and peace goes on in the world.The League of Nations was born after the First World War to prevent wars. It failed to stop war and establish peace in the world. Within 20 years of the setting up of this world body, the Second World War broke out in 1939. It was started by Germany. The war engulfed many…

1. Emergence of Railways: Although the first regular steam engine passenger run was inaugurated over a one-mile section on the 6.5 mile track from Canterbury to Whitstable, Kent, England, on May 3, 1830 hauled by the engine Invicta, railed tracks were used for mining purposes as early as 1550. These tracks were used at Leberthal, Alsace near the French-German border and at the Brosseley Colliery, Salop, England in 1605.The first self-propelled locomotive ever to run on rails was built by Richard Trevithic (1771-1883) at Salop in England. The first electric railways was Warner Von Siemen’s 600-yard- long Berlin electric track opened for the Berlin Traders’ Exhibition on May 31, 1879.The oldest underground subways railway system in the world is the London Transport subways system whose first section was opened on…

Deforestation involves the cutting down, burning, and damaging of forests.Deforestation can be defined as the change of forest with depletion of tree crown cover more than 90%. However, depletion of forest tree crown cover less than 90% is considered forest degradation. Causes of Deforestation: The main causes of deforestation are summarized below: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) Population explosion(ii) Agriculture: shifting cultivation, overgrazing, cash crop economy etc.(iii) Commercial logging: cutting trees for sale as timber or pulp(iv) Poverty ADVERTISEMENTS: (v) Mining(vi) Dams(vii) Infrastructure creation for logging(viii) Forest-fires ADVERTISEMENTS: (ix) Acid rain(x) Development projects and housing projects. Image Source: assets.worldwildlife.org Effects of Deforestation: The ill-effects of deforestation are summarized below: (i) Soil erosion: Soil is exposed to wind, sunlight, and evaporation due to deforestation. Soil fertility goes down due to soil erosion and rapid…