Category: Construction

It sprawls over the western Himalayas and the Karakoram Mountains. It is bordered by Pakistan in west China in the north and east. It covers 222, 236 square km. of area. Strategically, therefore, the state of Jammu and Kashmir is very important. Immediately after Independence Pakistan made an all out effort to seize this state and even today, a big chunk of that territory (equal to about one-third of the total area of the state) is in the possession of Pakistan. Image Source: samvada.orgChina has also occupied some part of it. Though shorn of a large part of its territory, the state is still in possession of vital strategic routes and passes, fertile land and sites favouring the development of power, forests and mineralized areas. ADVERTISEMENTS: This state has its…

Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant:Statements, written or verbal, of relevant facts made by a person who is dead, or who cannot be found, or who has become incapable of giving evidence, or whose attendance cannot be procured without an amount of delay or expense which, under the circumstances of the case, appears to the Court unreasonable, are themselves relevant facts in the following cases: Image Source: shopwindowcleaningresource.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (1) When it relates to cause of death: When the statement is made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person’s death…

When we listen or use the word administration, at once it strikes on our mind that public administration is only one type or a part of the wider field of administration. This means there can be other types of administration for example business administration or private administration. Image Source: images.slideplayer.comSo before debating to the meaning of public administration, it will be wise to know and understand the meaning of the term “Administration”. Administrative activity in social life has been in existence from time immemorial. ADVERTISEMENTS: To define administration and public administration is very difficult task. No one has yet produced a single definition of administration and public administration that is fully acceptable to both practitioners and scholars, certainly not one that is readily understandable to laymen without any pre-existing knowledge…

The National Flood Control Policy comprises three phases:(i) Immediate phase extends over two years and comprises collection of basic hydrological data, construction of embankments, urgent repairs, improvement of river channels and raising of villages above flood levels. Image Source: climatetechwiki.org ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Short-term phase concerns the next four to five years. It consists of improving surface drainage, establishing proper flood warning system, shifting or raising of villages over flood level, construction of channel diversions, more embankments and construction of raised platforms for use in times of flood emergency.(iii) Long-term phase envisages schemes such as construction of dams or storage reservoirs for flood protection and soil conservation in the catchment of various rivers, detention basins, and digging large channel diversions.Under the National Flood Control Programme, launched in 1954, protection measures have…

A landslide is the rapid sliding of large masses of bed rocks or regoliths. Whenever mountain slopes are steep there is a possibility of large disastrous landslide. Landslides are triggered by earthquakes or sudden rock failures. They can also result when the base of a slope is over steepened by excavation or river erosion. Image Source: kshitija.files.wordpress.comSevere earthquakes in mountainous regions are a major cause of landslides. In the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and along the river valleys landslides are a common feature. Natural removal of soil and rock from slopes is known as mass wasting. Landslide as a hazard has long been recognised by the people living in the mountains. It becomes specially dangerous when there is heavy rainfall or snowfall on the slip and break. ADVERTISEMENTS: The extent…

Important Timber Producing Trees in India – Essay The Evergreen Rainforest: Rosewood and Slssoo (Dalbergia Species):They distinguish them among the finest of India’s cabinet and furniture woods. Roosewood has international familiarity and is found in Tamil Nadu and Coorge of Western Ghats. Ordanace department uses it in huge quantities for making gun-carriage, wheels wagon parts and railways also uses it for floor boards and carriage work. Sissoo is available in all the provinces of Northern India and the important centre of Sissoo wood is Bareilly of Uttar Pradesh. Image Source: steve-king.co.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: Telsur or Irupu (Hopea Species):A hard, strong durable timber is yielded by this tree. It is two time harder than teak. This tree can resist outdoor exposure and bad climate without any preservative. This is utilised for boat-building,…

Public nuisances have always been considered to be so potentially dangerous that a summary procedure for their redressal has been provided by the Criminal Procedure Code. The power conferred on the Magistrate can be exercised on the receipt of a Police Report or other information, and arises under the six circumstances mentioned in clauses (a) to (f) of S. 133, discussed below. Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.comThese provisions of the Cr. P.C. are to be invoked only in cases of an emergency and where there is imminent danger to the health of the community. Where the nuisance has been going on for a long time, the criminal courts tend not to interfere in the matter, leaving the parties to litigate before a civil court. ADVERTISEMENTS: S. 133 provides that whenever a District…

Pipeline transport network is a new addition on the transportation map of India. Pipelines are most convenient, efficient and economical mode of transporting liquids like petroleum, petroleum products, natural gas, water, milk etc. Image Source: lngworldnews.com Even solid can also be transported through pipelines after converting them into slurry. The far inland location of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Karnal and gas based fertiliser plants at Jagdishpur and other places could be thought of only because of pipelines. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running cost is minimal. The first pipeline in India was laid in Assam to bring crude oil to Nunmati which was extended to Barauni in Bihar. It is 1167 km long. It was extended to Kanpur. The pipe line between Naharkatia and Nunmati became…

Essay on the Hydro-Electricity or Hydel Power in India (1504 Words)Hydro electric power plays a major role in the field of power development in the country. Its present contribution to the total electricity generation is about 25 per cent. Hydro electricity power is a renewable natural resource. Image Source: energy-alaska.wdfiles.com How it Works: 1. The generation of electricity by using the force of falling water is called hydro-electricity. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Water is a renewable resource and can be used year after year. Thus, making hydel power cheaper to produce than thermal or nuclear power.3. Water from storage reservoirs is sent through pipes along a steep gradient to rotate the turbines, which convert this energy into electricity. This process is very clean and does not cause pollution of any kind.4. The…

Legal provisions regarding prosecution of judges and public servants under section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 197(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that when any person who is or was a Judge or Magistrate, or a public servant not removable from his office save by or with the sanction of the Government is accused of any offence alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duty, no Court shall take cognizance of such offence except with the previous sanction;— ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) In the case of a person who is employed, or, as the case may be, was at the time of commission of the alleged offence employed, in connection with the affairs of the…