Category: Culture

Sunni and Shia Sects: Prophet Mohammad was the universally acclaimed head of the Islamic Commonwealth. He was absolute authority on law as well as the Chief administrator of the whole body of Muslims. After his death, the immediate problem was to find out his successor. Image Source: bestmadurai.comA great majority of Muslims suggested that there should be an election for the successor of the Prophet. This view was advocated by Ayesha Begum, the youngest wife of the Prophet. It was argued by this group that since Prophet exercised absolute command over the Islamic community, his successor too should be a person who could control the Muslims. ADVERTISEMENTS: This required the confidence of the people and therefore election was the only method to choose the successor. This section of the Muslim-society…

Shariat: In Islam, ‘law’ is of divine origin. God is the Supreme Legislator and only He can make laws for regulating all human actions. According to Muslim jurists, the law (hukm) is that which is established by a communication from God with reference to men’s acts, expressive either of demand or indifference on his part or merely being declaratory. Image Source: easydivorcehouston.comIn Islam, therefore, ‘law’ means the direction of God for regulating all the human conducts, spiritual, moral or secular. Some of the directions are obligatory, some are only desirable, whereas in other cases one may or may not follow them. God has laid down the path to be followed by the human beings. These directions of God to men constitute the Shariat. Literal meaning of Shariat is “the path…

Historical development of Muslim law may be divided into five periods:(a) from A.H. 1 to A.H. 10, i.e., the period covering the last ten years of the Prophet’s life,(b) from A.H. 10 to A.H. 40, i.e., the period of the first four Caliphs, ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) from A.H. 40 to A.H. 300, the most important period in the development and consolidation of Muslim Law,(d) from A.H. 300 to 1924 A.D., in the West (i.e., west of India), when Caliphate was abolished, or to the establishment of British Rule in India, a period of general decadence, and(e) in the West, from 1924 to our times, a period of legislative codification of Muslim Law in many countries, and in India from the establishment of British rule to our times—a period of stagnation. Image…

12 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Biodiversity Conservation” for Biology Students: Image Source: biodiversityconservationblog.files.wordpress.comQ. 1. Briefly mention about— (a) Genetic diversity, ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Species diversity, (c) Ecological diversity. Ans. (a) Genetic diversity:The occurrence of single species in high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range is called as genetic diversity. ADVERTISEMENTS: Such as in Rauwolfia vomitoria in Himalaya region, 50,000 varieties of rice, 1,000 varieties of mango in India.(b) Species diversity: The occurrence of diversity as the species level in a geographical region is called species diversity, e.g. western ghats have more amphibian species diversity than in eastern ghats. ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Ecological diversity: A geographical region having different ecosystems will have more ecologically diverse organisms one having one or two types only. For example, India has more…

Here is your essay on Essay on Penal Policy in India !The penal reforms in India during the past few decades have brought about a remarkable change in the attitude of people towards the offenders. The old concepts about crime, criminal and convicts have radically changed. The emphasis has now shifted from deterrence to reformation of the offenders. The age old discriminatory and draconian punishments no longer find place in the modern penal system. ADVERTISEMENTS: Indian penologists are greatly impressed by the recent Anglo-American penal reforms and have adopted many of them in the indigenous system. This does not, however, mean that India did not have penal policy of its own prior to British influence. In fact, the Indian law givers of the olden times were well versed in the…

Social Change characterizes every society. However its direction, speed and nature are affected by several factors.Main factors which affect social change can be discussed a follows: 1. Natural Factors: ADVERTISEMENTS: Natural forces and factors play an important role in unifying or disintegrating the society. Although human beings have made tremendous progress during the last 150 years or so, yet they have not been able to wield full control over the nature.A storm, earthquake, flood, drought, disease and similar natural events even today can disrupt the social system. Natural calamities like floods, earthquakes, draughts, famines and other natural disasters always force changes in the social conditions and life of the affected people. Image Source: saridreams.files.wordpress.comOn the one hand these factors and forces act as a source of big loss for the…