Category: Management

Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given:Secondary evidence may be given of the existence, condition, or contents of a document in the following cases: Image Source: alaboroflove.org ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) When the original is shown or appears to be in the possession or power of the person against whom the document is sought to be proved, or of any person out of reach of, or not subject to, the process of the Court, or of any person legally bound to produce it, and when, after the notice mentioned in Section 66, such person does not produce it;(b) When the existence, condition or contents of the original have been proved to be admitted in writing by the person against whom it is proved or by his representative in…

Soil conservation includes all such measures which help in protecting the soil from erosion, contour terracing and bunding, construction of bunds across gullies, levelling of unoven land and raising grass and other vegetation on land are the small measures which are usually taken by’ farmers to protect soil from erosion. Image Source: 0d47eeef2abf05521f71-1e80f65b3c6327b7cb4b0619fd21f75b.r59.cf2.rackcdn.comSuch methods are quite effective in areas where the degree of erosion is not serious as in the semi-arid tracts of the peninsula and part of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. Extensive reclamation schemes are under implementation in these states. Construction of bunds across gullies and levelling of surface, control of overgrazing by animals, and afforestation are some of the steps taken under these schemes. ADVERTISEMENTS: In the tropical forest areas, shifting cultivation known as…

Short Paragraph on Disaster Management in IndiaThe term disaster management includes all aspects of preventive and protective measures, preparedness, and organisation of relief operations for mitigating the impact of disaster on human beings and socioeconomic aspects of the disaster prone areas. The whole process of disaster management can be divided into three phases: impact phase, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase and integrated long term development and preparedness phase. Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Impact phase contains three components: forecasting of disaster, close monitoring of agents causing disasters and management activities after the disaster has occurred. Flood forecasting can be done by studying rainfall in the catchment area. Approach of cyclones can be tracked and monitored by satellites; based on these details, early warning and evacuation efforts may be made.Close monitoring of agents…

Wildlife Reserves, National Parks and Sanctuaries in India – EssayThe wildlife reserves in India may broadly be classified in two types: national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries have the special purpose of preserving animals and birds. National parks protect the entire ecosystem. Image Source: team-bhp.com ADVERTISEMENTS: A special category of animal sanctuaries in India is the tiger reserve, a consequence of the 1970 Project Tiger. One of these is the Sundarbans, a unique swamp forest that is the last remaining bastion of the Royal Bengal Tiger. This sanctuary and others like it, developed to save the once fast-vanishing tiger, have succeeded beyond the wildest dreams of the Project’s founders; now the increasing tiger population in these reserves does not have the space it needs and this is causing fresh…

Section 144 provides that where, in the opinion of the District Magistrate, or a Sub-Divisional Magistrate, or any other Executive Magistrate specially empowered by the State Government for this purpose, there is sufficient ground for proceeding under this section, and immediate prevention or speedy remedy is desirable, the Magistrate may, by a written order, direct any person to abstain from certain acts, with respect to specified property in his possession or under his management, if such Magistrate considers that such direction is likely to prevent (or tends to prevent) obstruction, annoyance or injury to any person employed lawfully, or danger to human life, health or safety, or a disturbance of the public tranquility, or a riot, or an affray. In cases of emergency, or in cases where a notice cannot…

India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 4.42 million kilometres at present. Roads have been existing in India for the last 5000 years and are the indigenous means of communication. The roads construction and development were the priority of Sultanate and Mughal period. One of the major roads constructed during Sher Shah Suri was from Peshawar to Kolkata. Image Source: smartercitieschallenge.files.wordpress.comIt was named as Grand Trunk (GT) Road and joined Amritsar with Kolkata after partition. Presently it is known as Sher Shah Suri Marg. The roads are of two types according to their strength and make up: surfaced and unsurfaced. The best roads are the surfaced roads also called the metalled roads. India has one of the largest road networks in |the world.…

MBO is an integrated sequential process. It has sequences of activities as a process. This process comprises the following steps:1. First of all objectives must be set, which the organization has to attain. The top management must be aware of the objectives. These objectives can be set for any period but they should be, as far as, possible, long term objectives. Image Source: tisquirrel.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. The organizational objectives are achieved through individuals. Therefore subordinate objectives must be set at the lower levels of management. Each individual must know in advance what he is expected to achieve.Determination of individual objectives is based on the organization purpose, managerial philosophy, organizational resource and environmental opportunities and constraints. A superior’s responsibility in setting objectives for his subordinates is to state objective in terms…

Beggary has been a great public nuisance. The State Governments notably that of Bombay, has taken a major stride forward in tackling the problem of beggary. The Beggar Homes are very well managed. Image Source: m2.behance.netAn attempt is also made to distinguish between the professional able bodied beggars and the diseased and handicapped beggars who have taken to beggary in the absence of a suitable avenue of employment. ADVERTISEMENTS: The Criminal Procedure Code treats vagrants and vagabonds alike and provides penalties under sections 55(l)(b) and 109 (b). Beggary within railway premises was prohibited by law on Feb. 15, 1941.Special Acts have been passed by most of the States to prohibit begging in public places. In others, the municipal and public acts provide measures against begging. To deal effectively with persons…

Legal provisions regarding procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused under section 305 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.(1) In Section 305 which deals with the procedure when corporation is an accused, corporation means an incorporated company or other body corporate, and includes a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Image Source: sanjosebusinesslawyersblog.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Where a corporation is the accused person or one of the accused persons in an inquiry or trial, it may appoint a representative for the purpose of the inquiry or trial and such appointment need not be under the seal of the corporation.(3) Where a representative of a corporation appears, any requirement of the Code of Criminal Procedure that anything shall be done in the presence of the accused or…

Essay on Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB)Like performance or programme budgeting, Zero base budgeting is also “rational” budgeting. Like Management by Objectives (MBO) it is a transplant from the private sector which has so far been, confined to the United States. Image Source: momonaplan.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB) is an emerging process, adopted’ by a variety of industrial organizations as well as state and municipal governments in U.S.A. ZBB was developed at Texas Instruments Inc. during 1969.The process was first adopted in government by Governor Jimmy Carter (who later become President of the United States) of Georgia for the preparation of the fiscal 1973 budget.In India the Union Finance Minister V.P. Singh told a Parliamentary Consultative Committee that the government would be introducing zero-based budgeting at first in a small…