Category: Management

Here is your Essay on Conflict Theory of Crime!Sellin wrote about his conflict theory in 1938 and asserted that culture conflict emnates from conflict of conduct norms, where each separate culture sets out its own norms i.e. rules of behaviour to be instilled into its members. In a homogeneous society these are enacted into laws and followed by the members of that society because they consider them to be right. However, where the society is hetrogeneous, this does not occur and culture conflict is bound to arise.Void was also one of the proponents of the conflict theory of criminal behaviour. He argued that people are naturally group oriented and those who have same interests come together to form a group in order to carry forward these interests. The central theme…

Among the matriarchal families of Kerala Tarwad is well known. The system itself is called Tarwad. In Dravidian language family the patri­archal families are called el lam. Primarily, Tarwad is found among the Nairs and ellam among the Namboodaris. In the Tarwad system of Nairs there were female ancestors. The descent among them starts with the mother. In a Tarwad the entire dead and living are enumerated as members. If a Tarwad becomes a large one, it is divided in consult­ation with all the elders. The division is called Tavji, which means mother. ADVERTISEMENTS: It includes the mother and her children. Children born of a single Tarwad, though belonging to different Tavji, cannot marry amongst themselves. In several groups of a Tarwad a woman can marry several husbands. The Namboodari…

The Central Government has framed model rules under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 for adoption by industrial estab­lishments, employing one hundred or more workers.This has been done to ensure industrial peace. An amendment of the Act in 1961 empowered (authorised) the Government to extend it to establishments employing less than 100 workers.Another amendment in 1963 made the Model Standing Orders, framed by the appropriate government, applicable in all industrial establishments until the Standing Orders framed by the industrial establishments are certi­fied. Image Source: depaulindustries.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The Act now applies to all establishments in:(1) Andhra Pradesh,(2) Gujarat, ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) Maharashtra and(4) West Bengal employing 50 or more workers.In Assam, it covers establishments (except mines, quarries, oil-fields and railways) which employ ten workers or more. In Tamil Nadu all factories…

Production managers are required to forecast future events, which have potential effects on their activities. Such forecasting may either be a long-run estimates or short-run estimates of demand. We have already detailed about the forecasting function. All the forecasting tools hold good for production forecasting. Difference between Production Plan and Production Control are given below:Hence, in this chapter, we would not discuss the forecasting details here. From production managers’ point of view, forecasting is important for planning, scheduling and controlling the system to achieve efficient output of goods and services.Planning of the system is done by the production managers by forecasting aggregate demand, and it helps to design or redesign processes to keep pace with the demand. To take an example, what should be the degree of automation (semi-automated or…

The zero defect concept originated in 1961 by Philip Crosby, then quality manager for the Martin company of Orlando, Florida and later developed into a phased strategy by Jim Halpin, Martin’s quality director, the concept was first applied to a missile production programme for the U.S. Government. The zero defect programme reportedly paid rich dividends to this company.Despite a marginally feasible delivery date (8 weeks only), Martin guaranteed to produce a defect free missile on schedule. Martin technique was to establish a running production time inspection by operations that were individually pledged to achieve the necessary quality standards at the first manufacturing or assembly operation. In fact, the slogan used to motivate employees throughout the critical period who do it right the first time.Errors or Defects are caused by two…

Span of management directly affects the number of levels in the organization. Wider spans of management lead to flat organization, whereas, narrow spans of management result in tall organizational structure.Comparison between Wide Spans and Narrow Spans of Management are given below:A narrow span (tall organizational structure), which results in many levels in the organization, creates problems both in terms of cost and efficiency. First, the levels are very expensive because they require more supervisory staff, which leads to larger expenses in the form of executive remuneration. Expense is further increased on the account of additional subordinates for a larger number of managers.Hence, in both executive and operative level, the cost increases. Secondly, communication in a tall organization has several limitations. Communication through scalar chain has to travel various levels, which…

Today, the term Information Technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recog­nizable than ever before. The Information Technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields.IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex com­puter networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include:1. Data Management ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Computer Networking3. Database Systems Design4. Software design ADVERTISEMENTS: 5. Management Information Systems 6. Systems management Image Source:wes.co.inPhone and Mobile Phone :Telephone is an electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received. Now days phone is main communication device. ADVERTISEMENTS: The mobile phone is a short-range, electronic device used for mobile voice…

The main features of the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India are given below: 1. Active Policy: Before the advent of planning in India in 1951, the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank was a passive, cheap and easy policy. It means that Reserve Bank did not use the measures of monetary policy to regulate the economy.For example from 1935 to 1951, the bank rate remained stable at 3%. But since 1951, the Reserve Bank has been following an active monetary policy. It has been using all the measures of credit control. Image Source: sharonpowell82.files.wordpress.com 2. Overall Expansion: ADVERTISEMENTS: An important feature of Reserve Bank’s monetary policy is that of overall expansion of money supply. In the words of S.L.N. Sinha ‘ The Reserve Bank’s responsibility is not…

Here are you speech on Gender-Based Discrimination in India:It is paradox of our Indian society, that on one side we worship the women Goddesses and on the other we meet out sub-human treatment to the women. In Indian society the position of the women has been always looked as less important than the male person. ADVERTISEMENTS: Since the time of Ramayana and Mahabharata women have always been easy victims of gender-based discrimination.Though after independence, women are becoming more self-reliant but still the problem of aggression against women by powerful continues, only mode of such aggression or discrimination has changed to some extent. Image Source: 185.26.182.219Gender bias is widely prevalent throughout women’s life span. Indian women have become an easy prey for discrimination and aggression based on gender.It is observed that…

6 Major Differences between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association are listed below: Memorandum of Association: 1. It is the fundamental document ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. It is the Charter of the company.3. It dictates external and internal affairs of the company. Image Source: 185.26.182.2194. It has effects on the members as well as the outsiders.5. Ratification: No act can be ratified which is done beyond the memorandum: This is called as “Doctrine of Ultra Vires”. 100% members of the company also cannot ratify such ultra virus acts. ADVERTISEMENTS: 6. The memorandum of association is bound to observe.(a) The provisions of the Companies Act,1956;(b) Any other law in force. Articles of Association: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. It is the subsidiary document.2. These are me regulations of the company.3. It dictates only internal affairs…