09Sep 2018 by admin

Difference between Hybrid Structure and Matrix Structure of Departmentalization

Decision Making
Difference between Hybrid Structure and Matrix Structure of Departmentalization are described below: Hybrid Structure: This structure is a form of departmentalization, which combines both functional and divisional structure. Particularly large organizations adopt this structure to gain the advantages of both functional and divisional structures. ADVERTISEMENTS: Functional structure gives the benefits of economies of scale, in-depth expertise and resource utilization efficiencies, whereas, divisional structure gives the benefits of specialization of products, services and markets. In India, the most of the public sector units and departmental undertaking like railways, etc., follow this structure. A typical hybrid structure of an organization is illustrated below:Hybrid structure gives the benefit of specialized expertise and economies of scale in prime functional areas. It facilitates adaptability and flexibility in handling diverse product or service lines, territories, differing…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

What are the Kinds of Talaq under Muslim Law in India?

Marriage
From the point of view of the mode of pronouncement and effect, there are two kinds of Talaq:1. Talaq-ul-Sunnat or revocable Talaq, and2. Talaq-ul-Bidaat or irrevocable Talaq. ADVERTISEMENTS: The Talaq-ul-Sunnat or revocable Talaq may be pronounced either in the Ahsan form or in the Hasan form. That is to say, Talaq-ul-Sunnat may be further sub-divided into: (i) Talaq Ahsan (most proper) and; (ii) Talaq Hasan (Proper). Talaq-ul-Bidaat is irrevocable and becomes effective as soon as it is pronounced in any way, indicating husband’s desire to dissolve the marriage. In brief, the classification of the different kinds of talaq is given below: I. Talaq-ul-Sunnat (Revocable Talaq): Talaq-ul-Sunnat is regarded to be the approved form of Talaq. It is called as Talaq- ul-Sunnat because it is based on the Prophet’s tradition (Sunna).…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

History of Indian Poetry in English after Independence

Traditions
The post-Independence period in the history of Indian English poetry is generally equated with the modern period. As ex­plained in the foregoing section of this introduction, not all the poets of this period fit into the group which can be considered as ‘modern’ in the sense in which the term is often used. Poets like Harindranath Chattopadyaya, Surendranath Dasgupta, Anilbaran Roy, K.D. Sethna and J. Krishnamurti lived and wrote in the post-Independence period but they belonged more to an older tradition drawing as they did their inspiration from poets like Aurobindo and from indigenous philosophical and mysti­cal traditions.Their poetry was to say the least, not ‘new’, for new poetry is said to have begun only with Nissim Ezekiel and the poets of the Writers Workshop group led by P. Lai.…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

Efficient Cropping Systems for Different Agro-climatic Zones of India

Management
Efficient Cropping Systems for different Agro-climatic Zones of India: Agro-climatic regionSoil typeCropping systems 1. Western Himalayas (cold-arid) Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh PlateauShallow, sandy to loamyRice-Potato-Wheat 2. Western ADVERTISEMENTS: Kachchh and part of KathiawarDesert and saline soilsSorghum-wheat-millet,Maize-Green manureMaize-wheat-sorghum 3. Deccan plateau (hot-arid) ADVERTISEMENTS: Andhra Pradesh, KarnatakaRed and black soilsPigeon pea + sorghum/ groundnut cotton-millet-sorghum 4. Northern plains and central highlands (semi-arid) Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, RajasthanAlluvium derived soilsMaize-green manureRice-wheat-Maize-wheatCotton-wheat 5. Central highlands Gujarat plains Kathiawar penisula (hot semi-arid)Medium deep black soilsGroundnut-wheatRice-sugarcaneRice-wheat 6. Deccan plateau (hot-semi-arid)Shallow and Medium black soilsPearl millet-potato-cotton Cotton-millet-sorghum, Deccan plateau and Eastern ghats (hot- semi-rid)Red and black soilsSorghum-safflower cotton-millet Pigeon pea-sunflower 8. Eastern ghats, Tamil Nadu uplands and Deccan plateau (hot semi-arid)Red loamy soilsRice-Rice-pulses cotton-groundnut Groundnut-sorghum 9. Northern plain (hot sub humid)Alluvium derived soilRice-wheat, Maize-wheat,…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

Speech on Saturday Evenings and Monday Mornings

Music
Perhaps everyone looks forward to Saturday evenings. Almost all of us look forward to a weekend of respite and leisure following a week of hard labour and stress. It is the ultimate time to unwind. It is the time to take stock of a situation and recuperate. It is the time to indulge. It is the time to coalesce and have a get-together. In a nutshell, it is the time to heal and have fun.Saturday evenings anticipate a number of leisure activities: watching a movie, going for a weekend party or a quiet dinner, a fling at the discotheque, a visit to a festival or a fair, a quiet trip to some village or country resort, going for a long drive, visiting a friend or even being alone with a…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

What is the difference between “Bailable” and “Non-bailable” Offences?

Law
The difference between “Bailable” and “Non-bailable” Offences are as follows:A bailable offence is an offence which is shown as bailable in the First Schedule to the Code, or which is made bailable by any other law for the time being in force. A non-bailable offence means any other offence. ADVERTISEMENTS: Offences can be classified in three ways: (i) bailable or non-bailable; (ii) cognizable or non-cognizable; and (iii) compoundable or non- compoundable. (All these are discussed at the appropriate places.)The word bail means release of a person from legal custody. Thus, when a person is granted bail, he is released from restraint. It may be noted that in the case of a bailable offence, bail can be claimed as a matter of right [S. 436(1)]. As soon as the accused is…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

What are the Characteristic Features of a Wakf under Muslim Law?

Law
The Muslim institution of wakf has several characteristic features, some of which are unique. The outstanding features of a wakf are that the property vests in the ownership of God, it is permanent dedication, and wakf is irrevocable.In fact, these are the two facets of the same thing. Property vests in God: The outstanding feature of wakf is that the ownership of property dedicated for the wakf vests in God. It has been put thus: “The tying up of property in the ownership of God, the Almighty, and devotion of the profits for the benefit of human beings”. ADVERTISEMENTS: Once the dedication of property is made to the wakf, the ownership of the wakf is extinguished, and it is transferred to God. Or, figuratively speaking, “Property is God’s acre”.Under the…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

566 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers on Thinking and Problem Solving – Part 5

Strategy
566 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Thinking and Problem Solving” for Psychology Students – Part 5:401. According to Jean Piaget, preoperational children are: (a) Egocentric ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Social(c) Flexible(d) Complex402. Some psychologists suggested that the speed with which cognitive units or knowledge can be retrieved from long term memory im­proves with age, making it possible for older children to integrate more old and new in­formation during the process that is called: ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Working memory(b) Short-term memory (STM)(c) Rote memory(d) Long-term memory (LTM) ADVERTISEMENTS: 403. Short-term memory (STM) lasts about: (a) 20 Seconds(b) 30 Seconds(c) 15 Seconds(d) 10 Seconds 404. A larger working-memory capacity makes it possible to solve more complex problems. With the development, there is: (a) Growth in the ability to hold information in working memory.(b)…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

Psychology Question Bank – 250 MCQs on "Psychology of Learning" – Part 1

Fashion
250 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Psychology of Learning” for Psychology Students – Part 1:1. In Operant conditioning procedure, the role of reinforcement is: (a) Strikingly significant ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Very insignificant(c) Negligible(d) Not necessary(e) None of the above ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. According to Skinnerian Operant conditioning theory, a negative reinforcement is: (a) Nothing but punishment(b) A biofeedback(c) A withdrawing or removal of a positive reinforcer ADVERTISEMENTS: (d) An instinctive drift(e) None of the above3. Behaviour therapists believe that the respon­dent or classical conditioning is effective in dealing with the non-voluntary automatic behaviour, whereas the operant one is success­ful predominantly with motor and cognitive behaviours, Thus, unadaptive habits such as nail biting, trichotillomania, enuresis encopresis, thumb sucking etc. are satisfactorily dealt within the : (a) Classical Method(b) Operant Method (c)…
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09Sep 2018 by admin

Psychology Question Bank – 832 MCQs on "Forgetting" – Part 5

Events
832 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Forgetting” for Psychology Students – Part 5401. For Kantor, emotion is a different kind of interaction that may be designated as: (a) No response behaviour segment ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) No stimulus behaviour segment(c) Acute feeling segment(d) Mild feeling segment402. Reactional Biography refers to a sense of previous interactions that a person had with different: ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Response objects(b) Stimulus objects(c) Situational factors(d) Social factors ADVERTISEMENTS: 403. The famous book “Social Learning Theory” (1977) was published by: (a) J. B. Watson(b) Albert Bandura(c) Mc Dougall(d) J. R. Kantor 404. Who viewed that human behaviour can be easily understood as a function of reciprocal interaction of behavioural, cognitive and environmental determinants? (a) Albert Bandura(b) Mc Dougall(c) C. G. Jung(d) J. B. Watson405. Which practice is…
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