1167 words free essay on Christmas. On 25 December, Christmas is observed throughout many parts of the world. As a cultural celebration, it is a peculiar mix – part myth, part magic and part religion.
Christmas is a celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. The Christmas festival lasts for twelve days, from 25 December (Jesus’ birth) to 6 January (Epiphany). The story is simple – Jesus is born, angels announce his birth to shepherds in the fields and he is visited by three Magis (wise men from the East), who offer him gifts. The significance of these events for Christians is their belief that Jesus is ‘the Son of God’, the Messiah sent from Heaven to save the world from sin.
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In the first few centuries AD, Christmas as such did not exist – the Christian Church only celebrated the festival of the Resurrection. According to a Roman almanac, Christmas was being celebrated in Rome by 336 AD. In 354 AD Pope Liberus instituted the Nativity on 25 December.
After that Christmas was established in the East, the baptise of Jesus was celebrated on Epiphany, 6 January. In the West, however, Epiphany was the day on which die visit of the Magis to the infant Jesus was celebrated.
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The reason Christmas came to be celebrated on 25 December remains uncertain, but the most probable reason is that early Christians wished the date to coincide with die various pagan festivals, which celebrated the winter solstice.
The winter solstice has traditionally been a time of celebration in most cultures. The lengthening daylight is seen an affirmation of the continuing cycle of the seasons, the beginning of the end of unproductive winter and the precursor to the growing seasons. The symbolism of the solstice – light emerging from darkness – provided the basis for many explanatory renewal myths.
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Christmas has come to be regarded as the festival of peace and goodwill, when families are reunited, houses are gaily decorated and gifts are exchanged. The exchange of gifts had been a part of the season since Roman times and was not specifically linked to Christmas until the Middle Ages, when legends surrounding the humble generosity of Saint Nicholas, a 4di century Christian leader from Myra (in modern-day Turkey) came to be associated with Christmas. The proximity of his feast day (6 December) to Christmas probably caused the two events to be linked. Saint Nicholas gradually transformed into Santa Claus. The fat, jolly, red-clad, white-bearded Santa of today is really a 20th century invention, a creation of Haddon Sundblom, who created him in this image in 1931.
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the Yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals (parades) with floats, carollers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many Gods and as their chief God – Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle, the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year’s festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Mesopotamian King would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the God. The traditions called for the King to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side.
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To spare their King, the Mesopotamians used the idea of a ‘mock’ King. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real King. At the end of die celebration the ‘mock’ King was stripped of the royal clothes and slained, sparing the life of the real King.
The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey Early Europeans believed in evil spirits, witches, ghosts and trolls. As the Winter Solstice approached, with its long cold nights and short days, many people feared the sun would not return. Special rituals and celebrations were held to welcome back the sun.
In Scandinavia during the winter months the sun would disappear for many days. After thirty-five days scouts would be sent to the mountaintops to look for the return of the sun. When the first light was seen the scouts would return with the good news. A great festival would be held, called the Yuletide and a special feast would be served around a fire burning with the Yule log. Great bonfires would also be lit to celebrate the return of the sun. In some areas people would tie apples to branches of trees to remind themselves that spring and summer would return. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/ Sacaea festivals to assist their God Kronos who would battle the God Zeus and his Titans.
The Roman’s celebrated their God Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia, which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of ‘Jo Saturnalia!’ the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends and the exchange of g° luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits).
The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places. ‘Jo Saturnalia!’ was a fun and festive time for the Romans. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no avail. Eventually it was decided that die celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God.
Some legends claim that the Christian ‘Christmas’ celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianity’s main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights and gifts from the Saturnalia festival and bringing them t0the celebration of Christmas.
The exact day of the Christ child’s birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child should be celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius ‘choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.
