Category: Psychology

Main impacts of existentialism on education are given below:1. An existentialist wants the full development of the individuality of the individual. He does not like one-sided development Image Source: 435729.medialib.glogster.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. An existentialist does not give too much importance to objective knowledge in the curriculum. This means that he dislikes over-importance given to science and mathematics, etc. At places he opposes them also. However, he does not regard them as useless. Jaspers wants to make objective knowledge as the basis of subjective knowledge.3. An existentialist philosopher can realize the “self’ by being in the world itself. He gives importance to the environment of man. The environment of the external world is the main means for an-individual’s education.By living in this environment he has to understand his ‘self and to…

Social Change is a universal process but it works in several ways. Darwin, Herbert Spencer, Marx, Maclver, Sorokin and several other sociologists have tried to explain the modes or patterns in different ways.Major patterns/modes of social change are:1. Social Change through Evolution ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Social Change through Progress3. Social Change through Development.4. Social Change through Revolution5. Social change through Social Movements Image Source: a4.files.biography.com 1. Social Change through Evolution: ADVERTISEMENTS: Some scholars try to explain the process of social change as change through evolution. Following Darwin, Herbert Spencer, and other 19th century social theorists, tried to interpret social change as a form of evolution. Evolution means a slow and continuous change from simple to a complex. Evolutionary process tells us that social change is like an evolutionary change which occurs…

The Structural-Functional Approach seeks to study politics as a system of interactions, i.e., Political System. It analyses Political System as a set of structures performing functions.The credit for popularising this approach goes to Gabriel Almond and his colleagues. Structural-Functional Approach: ADVERTISEMENTS: Structural-Functional Approach has been a very popular and useful approach to the study of Politics as Political System. It seeks to study Political System as a set of functions performed by several structures which together constitute the system of politics.It seeks to identify and analyse the structures which constitute the political system and perform several functions both internally and vis-a-vis other societies. Image Source: vorige.nrc.nlStructural-Functional Approach seeks to analyse: what basic functions are performed by what political structures? Charles worth explains the crux of this approach in a very…

After remaining popular for almost two decades (1940-60), the Behavioural Approach got transformed into Post-Behaviouralism. Twenty years of behavioural research brought to light its limitations and weaknesses.The failure to make any real progress towards the objective of building a scientific political theory compelled the behaviouralists to admit reforms in the light of their experiences with behavioural research. They accepted several reforms and the exercise got the name Post-Behaviouralism.Post-Behaviouralism did not constitute a return to the traditional approach. It accepted the merit of Behaviouralism but at the same time advocated the need to reform it. The Post- Behaviouralists were reformed behaviouralists. Post-Behaviouralism emerged as a reform movement within Behaviouralism. Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Post-Behaviouralism accepted and advocated:1. The need to study all realities of Politics.2. The need to study social change.…

Thus, photosynthesis (photo means light, synthesis means combination) may be defined as a biochemical process by which living cells of plants containing chlorophyll manufacture their own food (glucose and starch) using carbon dioxide and water as raw materials in the presence of sunlight. Oxygen is released as a by-product of photosynthesis.Photosynthesis is an important activity that occurs in all green plants, whether flowering or non- flowering.Photosynthesis is the only process by which solar energy is converted into chemical energy. All living beings depend on photosynthesis for two reasons one for oxygen released as a by-product, and second for food prepared by plants. Image Source: remotesensing.forestry.oregonstate.edu Significance of Photosynthesis: ADVERTISEMENTS: i. Photosynthesis provides food for all. The process of photosynthesis occurs in green plants which are the primary producers in a…

One meets the following difficulties in applying evolutionism to ethics: 1. Historical method: The first difficulty in the application of Evolutionism in Ethics arises in regard to method. The method of Evolutionary Hedonism is historical and not ethical. Evolutionary Hedonists try to explain how the human behaviour originated and how much it has contributed to the preservation of the existence of human race. Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The viewpoint of Evolutionism is natural. Green’s calling it the “Natural Science of Moral Assumptions” is realistic enough. The Evolutionists explain the history of human behaviour.Its basis is cause and affects not the ideal. They search for ‘what’ hi the history of human behaviour. Their explanation of life is scientific and historical, but ethics searches for ‘what ought to be’. Its objective is…

The Ethics of Gita is perfectionist. It arranges for and organizes the proper development of all aspects of man. In it devotion is also assimilated in knowledge and action.Extreme important is the quality of self submission (atmasamarpana) in the Gita. All sins are destroyed if man takes refuge with God after relinquishing everything. Satya is accessible only after purification to one who has faith in knowledge (IV-39). ADVERTISEMENTS: Gita has preached this same doctrine of complete self submission and devotion to God in a number of ways among the other characteristic of the Gita, the major ones are the following: (1) Synthesis of the good of society and individual: Gita’s ethics has synthesized both social and individual interests. The individual is not inconsiderable but his soul and the universal soul…

Max Weber identified following causes for the rise of bureaucracy in modern times. These include Image Source: kulturerbethueringen.files.wordpress.com 1. Creation of Money Economy: It ensured secure and regular salaries to the bureaucrats leading to a permanent organization. 2. Emergence of Capitalist Economy: ADVERTISEMENTS: The prime principles of capitalism—rationality— dictates bureaucratic form of organization. 3. Growth of Population: It dictates larger organizations having tendency of assuming bureaucratic form.4. Development of modern means of Communication. 5. Emergence of Complex administrative problems: It required expertise and competence in the organization favoring bureaucracy. 6. Growth of Democratic Institutions: ADVERTISEMENTS: The downfall of feudal elements and encourage­ment of merit based system of functional rationality dictated bureaucratic organizations. Characteristic of Bureaucracy 1. Structural: (a) Division of work.(b) Hierarchy. ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) System of rules.2. Behavioral:(a) Rationality.(b) Impersonality.(c)…