Category: Politics & Government

Right to equality means the absence of legal discrimination against any one individual, group, class or race. In earlier times certain classes possessed special privileges or were judged by special law.The modem tendency is to enforce the same law over all persons in the State and to give all persons equal rights and privileges in the protection of their civil liberties. Democracy can only exist and flourish in a society of equals.The Constitution of India makes social and civil equality the bedrock of Indian polity. It guarantees equality of all persons before the law, prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth as between citizens, and abolishes untouchability on the one hand and titles on the other. Image source: shakeel-ur-rahman.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The concept of equality…

The foremost among such theories is the Patriarchal Theory which seeks to explain that the State is an enlargement of the family.Originally, the family consisted of a man, his wife and children. The father was the head of the family and his control and authority was complete in all respects over all its members.When his children married there was expansion in the original family and it led to the establishment of new families. But the authority of the father and head of the original family remained unabated as before, and it was duly acknowledged by all his descendants. This constituted a patriarchal family. Image Source : depts.washington.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: In due course of time the patriarchal family expanded and developed into a clan. The members of a clan were bound to…

Monarchy represents that form of government where the source of all political authority is to be found in a supreme ruler.All the organs and officers of Government are agents of this ruler for the purpose of carrying out his will. All acts of Government are his acts and derive their validity from his sanction.All laws are his commands, though they may have been formulated by one of his agents. As the bearer of sovereignty, his authority is supreme, unlimited, and self-determined, both as regards the extent to, and the manner in which it shall in fact be exercised. Image Source: 51ec5c0d06ef68842cbd-eb61d9770b9e4a1d2dacebe5287fbc1d.r85.cf2.rackcdn.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Louis XIV of France expressed this idea in the famous phrase “L ‘e ‘tat, c ‘est moi,” (I am the State), what he really meant was: “I am…

Following are the most important among the citizen’s duties to the State:1. Allegiance to the State:Every citizen owes allegiance to the State to which he belongs. ADVERTISEMENTS: This implies the duty of defending the State in case of war, and service and loyalty to the State to maintain its integrity. It is the duty of every citizen to defend the State against all enemies and dangers and to assist in the maintenance of peace and order.The State can call upon any citizen to take up arms in its defence. In short, every citizen should be prepared, if necessary, to lay down his life in defending the State and to discharge the duties involved in his allegiance to the State. Image Source: guildford-dragon.comThe Constitution of the former U.S.S.R. prescribed universal military…

The advantages of such a method of consultation are obvious. It provides, in the first place, the means of access to the government of all the interests involved in the decision.They get adequate opportunity to give an authoritative and representative exposition to their opinions and, at the same time, get an opportunity to learn and appreciate the point of view of the government. ADVERTISEMENTS: They can, accordingly, oppose or support the policy and decisions of the government more effectively and their appeal to public opinion is direct and based upon actual knowledge and established facts.It is a well balanced judgment capable of organising true public opinion. Secondly, the representatives of the interests concerned can supply to the government authentic and valuable information on which details of the measure may be…

Judicial control over delegated legislature can be exercised at the following two levels:-1. Delegation may be challenged as unconstitutional; or2. That the Statutory power has been improperly exercised. ADVERTISEMENTS: The delegation can be challenged in the courts of law as being unconstitutional, excessive or arbitrary.The scope of permissible delegation is fairly wide. Within the wide limits, delegation is sustained it does not otherwise; infringe the provisions of the Constitution. The limitations imposed by the ap­plication of the rule of ultra vires are quite clear. previews.123rf.comIf the Act of the Legislature under which power is delegated, is ultra vires, the power of the legislature in the delegation can never be good. ADVERTISEMENTS: No delegated legislation can be inconsistent with the provisions of the Fundamental Rights. If the Act violates any Fundamental…

The following particulars of property shall not be liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree:(a) The necessary wearing apparel, cooking vessels, beds and bedding of the judgment-debtor, his wife and children, and such personal ornaments as, in accordance with religious usage, cannot be parted with by any woman;(b) Tools of artisans, and, where the judgment-debtor is an agriculturist, his implements of husbandry and such cattle and seed grain as may, in the opinion of the court, be necessary to enable him to earn his livelihood as such, and such portion of agricultural produce as may have been declared to be free from liability by the State Government. i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) House and other buildings (without materials and the sites thereof and land immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary…

Many a little makes a mickle, is an old proverb which has the meaning of “Little drops of water make a mighty ocean”.There is also another proverb which says, “A fool and his money are soon parted.” As we are not fools, let us take care of our money.Now-a-days, there are number of ways open to people to save their money safely. There are banks, post offices, private firms and individuals and others who enable a person to set aside a part of his income for future use. simplyfantasticbooks.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The Government of India itself has introduced a number of schemes to enable people to save their money. It offers through its banks and post offices, security bonds, gift cheques and vikas patras which doubles or trebles after five years…