Category: Politics & Government

Essay on the Social and Political conditions under which Buddhism and Jainism Emerge in India.The sixth century B.C. has left a permanent impress on Indian history mainly because it witnessed an intense preoccupation with philosophical speculation. Among the various thinkers contributing to this unique phase were the Mahavira and Buddha, who more than any other historical personages born in India have compiled the attention of the world as the most humane thinkers, the Indian tradition has produced.Jainism and Buddhism represent the most serious and most comprehensive attempt to analyze the rapidly changing society in which it originated and to provide an enduring social philosophy for mankind. Buddhism created the vision of an alternative society, the possibility of organizing society on different principles from the hierarchical and in egalitarian ideology and…

Differences between Western Liberal Democracy and Non-Western Form of Democracy are as follows:Western Liberal Democracy:Western liberal democracy is a political theory that emerged in Europe during the seventeenth century and has continued to this day as one of the dominant theories and ideologies in the world. This excludes the socialist countries with dictatorships of different kinds. In the development of this concept, mention must be made of John Locke, Jeremy Bentham and J.S Mill. Locke contributed the ideas of limited government, constitutionalism, individual rights and the rule of law. ADVERTISEMENTS: Bentham’s contribution lay in the utilitarian conception of majority interest calculated in terms of individual utility. Mill contributed the idea of individual liberty, plurality of opinions, and the principle of development of individual personality.When we define the liberal state to…

Etymologically, the term ‘Democracy‘ is derived from two Greek words ‘Demos’ which means ‘the people’ and ‘kratos which means power. Thus, the literal meaning of the word ‘democracy’ is ‘power of the people’. Aristotle defined democracy ‘as a government by many’. According to Abraham Lincoln, “Democracy is a rule of the people, by the people and for the people.” It means that in a democracy, the ruling power of the country is not given in the hands of a particular person or a group of persons, but in the members of the community as a whole, without any distinction of caste, colour, creed or sex.But this is only a concept of political democracy. True democracy, as we understand by the term now, is not merely a political ideal, but a…

Here is your essay on Present Scenario of Police in India:The police are primarily concerned with the maintenance of law and order and security of personal property of individuals. Their main duty is to pick up criminals from society for prosecution and they play a vital role in bringing the offender to justice, they safeguard and protect the people against violence, intimidation, oppression and disorder. With the changing time police duties have increased enormously and are becoming more and more diversified. ADVERTISEMENTS: The transformation of India from a police state into welfare state after Independence has brought radical change in the activities of the police.Today, India is passing through an age of political, economic and social modernization and because of these factors the rate of criminality has increased and some…

6 Most Important Differences between Industrial Arbitration and Commercial Arbitration are listed below: Industrial Arbitration: 1. It prevails in the industries.2. It involves the extension of an existing agreement or the making of a new one, or in general the creation of new obligations or modification of old ones. 3. It requires a detailed procedure. [Sec. 10- A)] 4. It may be created at any time, but before the Reference of Dispute made by the Government. 5. Generally, the arbitrators are chosen the Government Officers as the arbitrators. 6. A notification shall be published in the Official Gazette. Image Source: 185.26.182.219 Commercial Arbitration: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. It prevails in commercial transactions, particularly in contracts, partnership, business, etc. 2. It involves with interpretation of existing obligations and disputes relating to existing agreements.…

The History of India’s Mineral Sector – EssayThe history of mineral development is as old as the civilization. In case of India, the mineral production dates back to the ancient times as the mining activities can be traced as far back as 6,000 years or so. The remains of some of the old mine workings are a witness to this fact. A few of these workings have led to the discovery of a number of significant mineral deposits, which are being worked in the present time.These include the lead-zinc deposits at Zawar, copper deposits at Khetri, and gold deposits in Karnataka. Techniques used specially in smelting were in fact ahead of the time in which they were applied. Rust-free iron pillar in New Delhi is considered to date back to…

Legal Provisions of Section 401 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.The section deals with the powers of the High Court as a Court of revision. It is a discretionary jurisdiction vested in the High Court which should be exercised sparingly to decide questions as to legality, propriety regularity or correctness of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed by the inferior Criminal Court. The section also empowers the High Court to direct tender of pardon to the accused as contemplated by Section 307. ADVERTISEMENTS: The High Court can exercise revisional powers under this section either suo motu, that is, on its own initiative or on a petition of any aggrieved party or any other person. The exercise of revisional power by the High Court is, however, subject…

Legal Provisions of Section 386 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Powers of the Appellate Court:This section deals with the powers of the Appellate Courts relating to appeals. These powers are vested in all Courts, whether the High Court or subordinate Courts. The provision contained in sub-clause (a) of sub-section (1) of this section is restricted to the appellate powers of a High Court only because appeal against an order of acquittal lies only to the high Court. While clause (b) of the sub-section is not so restricted and applies to all Courts. ADVERTISEMENTS: There exists no provision for withdrawal of an appeal which is admitted for hearing. Therefore, once an appeal is admitted, it has either to be allowed or dismissed. The Court may, however, dismiss an appeal…

Legal Provisions of Section 321 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Withdrawal from prosecution:The section enables the Public Prosecutor or an Assistant Public Prosecutor, as the case may be, who is conducting the case, to withdraw from the prosecution which means retracting or refraining from proceeding with the prosecution any further. ADVERTISEMENTS: The section further requires that where the offence falls within any of the categories mentioned in sub-­clauses (i) to (iv) of the proviso, the permission of the Central / State Government has to be obtained for moving an application for withdrawal from the prosecution by the Public Prosecutor. However, where the prosecution is being proceeded by a complainant on a private complaint, the Public Prosecutor is not entitled to apply for withdrawal from prosecution in such a…

Legal Provisions of Section 302 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Permission to conduct prosecution:The section commands that no person other than the Advocate-General or Government Advocate or a Public Prosecutor or Assistant Public Prosecutor is entitled to conduct a prosecution without the permission of the Magistrate. ADVERTISEMENTS: Thus a private person’s or complainant’s Advocate has no right to conduct the prosecution without the permission of the Magistrate. A police officer even if he is not below the rank of an Inspector shall not be permitted to conduct the prosecution if he has taken part in the investigation into the offence for which the accused is being tried.Where the investigating officer conducts the proceedings without the permission of the Magistrate, it amounts to an illegality which is not curable…