Category: History

What habit is to the individual, usage is to the State; nations, like men, get into the habit of doing things in a given way. Habit then hardens into usage, which becomes difficult to change.The political customs and usages, which have their basis neither in laws nor in judicial decisions, are essential parts of the basic framework of the fundamental rules of the government in every country. They modernise, amend and democratise the otherwise rigid constitutions. ADVERTISEMENTS: But there are two considerations in this respect. The first is that customs play an important part in the case of old rather than of new constitutions. Secondly, customs develop and thrive in countries where the inhabitants cherish respect for the past and a higher regard for precedents. In India, there is no…

The theory of a special representative assembly to frame the constitution is the product of democratic revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.It originated during the English Revolution of the seventeenth century, when the Levelers placed before the Army Council, in 1648 and 1649, two Agreements embodying the proposals for a representative assembly which “should draw up foundations of just government.”While Britain set the precedent for modem, written and rigid constitutions, she had herself recovered her normal temper, and not adhered to the Revolutionary method. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: The practical application of the doctrine of a representative assembly to frame the constitution found its first expression in the Philadelphia Convention, when the delegates of the original Thirteen States met to frame a constitution for the United States of America.The…

A patent is termed as the exclusionary rights given by the government or the authorized authority to its inventor for a particular duration of time, in respect of his invention.It is the part of the intellectual property right, which connotes with all those rights which are granted to any person for protecting its invention, process, discovery, composition or new useful development etc. from its further usage without any authentication.If more than two persons have jointly applied for patent license, both will own the patent separately. The original word ‘patent’ has come up from the Latin term ‘pat ere’, which means ‘to lay open’ or ‘available for public usage’. Image Source: aprbusiness.in ADVERTISEMENTS: Sometimes it is also related to the term ‘letters patent’, which marks to the royal decree granting exclusive…

The discipline of anthropology, as we find it today, is the result of sev­eral historical, biological and socio-cultural forces. There have also been efforts to improve, refine and redefine the discipline. The broader aspects of anthropology have now been divided into several branches. Each branch has a specialty. Some anthropologists have also tried to specify the special branches of anthropology. Image Source: uib.no ADVERTISEMENTS: Among these are included Ralph Piddington, E.A. Hoebel and Ralph Linton. The anthropological specialties or branches are specified below: 1. As specified by Ralph Piddington (i) Physical Anthropology (ii) Cultural Anthropology ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Pre-historic Archaeology (b) Social Anthropology 2. As specified by E.A. Hoebel (i) Physical Anthropology ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Anthropometry (b) Human Biology (ii) Archaeology (iii) Cultural Anthropology (a) Ethnology (b) Linguistics (b) Social Anthropology 3.…