Category: Essays

Returns to scale refers to a relationship which shows the degree of change in output caused by change in quantities of all inputs in a fixed proportion. The concept of returns to scale is a long-run concept, because it refers to a case where all inputs are variable.In this context, it is also important to distinguish returns to scale from returns to a factor. Instead of all factors, when a relationship specifies change in output as a result of a given change in quantity of only one factor of production, while keeping the others unchanged, it is termed as returns to a factor.There are Three Types of Returns to Scale: (a) Increasing Returns to Scale: ADVERTISEMENTS: When all inputs are increased by a given proportion and the output increases by…

Price elasticity of demand may be of five types, viz, perfectly elastic demand, perfectly inelastic demand, unitary elastic demand, Relatively less elastic demand and Relatively more elastic demand. (a) Perfectly elastic demand: Perfectly elastic demand refers to a situation when due to a very insignificant or small change in price the quantity demanded changes infinitely. In such a case the demand curve is horizontal and parallel to OX axis. In this case the value of elasticity of demand is infinite (ed = It should be remembered that cases of perfectly elastic demand are very rare in actual life and it is only a theoretical case. ADVERTISEMENTS: In the above diagram DD, is the demand curve which is of horizontal shape. (b) Perfectly inelastic demand: This is a type of elasticity…

To The Chairman, Date Re: Insanitary condition of our locality.Dear Sir,We, the residents of Ward No. ____________ residing at____________ (Place) would like to draw your kind attention to the fact that we have become the extreme sufferers leading our lives in the midst of awfully insanitary condition at____________ (Name and Address of the Locality). We depict hereunder the pen- picture of the situation. ADVERTISEMENTS: Roads are uncleaned for days together by the scavengers resulting in the accumulation of garbages here and there from which bad odour is emitting always which is engulfing the entire area.These garbages are strewn over the roads by the crows in quest of their food from the same. This has created health hazard for the people residing in this area.When these accumulated garbages are not removed…

The poem is a wonderful piece of writing. Maya writings have all deep meanings and an element of sadness in her tone. She had gone through a lot of roughness in her life.She had been the victim of casteism, sexual harassment and understands the importance of love and care since she had been deprived of the same throughout her life. The poem ‘I know why the caged bird sings’ talks about the comparison between the people who are free and the one who are not the lucky ones.Here, she is talking about the poor black people who had suffered so much under the cruel white people. Throughout the poem, the free bird is referred to the free white people while the caged bird refers to the black community who had…

From (Company Name) (Address) (Tel) (Date)To The General Manager, (Company Name) (Address) (Date)Dear Sir, ADVERTISEMENTS: We manufacture and export children wear to ____________ (Different Country Name) and so regularly require different qualities and designs of fabrics in bulk.Therefore we request you to send us your local representative with the samples of your fabrics along with your terms regarding price, delivery schedule and discount.Please ensure that all the relevant details and samples are sent to facilitate a speedy decision.Yours faithfully. (Company Name) Reply to Above Letter ADVERTISEMENTS: Dear Sir,Thank you so much indeed for your interest in our fabrics. We are enclosing some of our latest samples and a copy of our fully illustrated catalogue. Our local representative will call on you sometime next week with some more samples. He will…

From (Company Name) (Address) (Date)To (Company Name) (Address)Dear Sir, ADVERTISEMENTS: We have come across your advertisement in ____________ (Newspaper Name) of ____________ (Date) describing variety of furniture manufactured by you. Our firm is a leading and established dealer in different types of ____________ (Item Name). We are successfully serving the area for the last ten years with satisfaction to our consumers. At present, we have a big order of furnishing a corporation’s office about ____________ sq. feet area. We require various items including chairs, tables, desks, cabinets, racks, etc.The advertisement, however, is too brief to give much information about the products. We would, therefore, want more details. Please send catalogues, price lists and an offer quoting your lowest price and best terms. We shall be making payments in cash.We look…

Sir,This is to draw your kind attention to the headlines and the third page of your newspaper carrying the crime- news in the city. The rate at which crime is increasing is quite alarming. Abductions and rapes seem to have be­come the order of the day. It is quite baffling that in spite of the security measures taken up by the govt., there appears to be no respite. What is more shocking is the fact that these crimes are being committed in broad daylights, particularly robbery. Moreover the dowry deaths which seemed to have come down a year back, has again shown an upward trend. ADVERTISEMENTS: It is difficult to say who is to be blamed, but definitely the police cannot always be at the receiving end. It is high…

From (Name) (Address) (Date)To The Editor, (Newspaper Name)Dear Sir, ADVERTISEMENTS: I shall be highly obliged if you would kindly allow a little space in your esteemed Daily to highlight the following.Sir – “Attention is drawn to the authorities concerned that the street lighting system in the locality of________________ (Full address with Ward No.) Is extremely poor. This is causing serious inconveniences to the inhabitants of the locality. While in the other adjoining areas lighting system is extremely good with vapour lamps on the roads and streets, antiquated electric bulbs are still fitted in the light posts of this locality which is not at all adequate for the purpose of proper lighting of the roads and streets. Such poor lighting system in the area gives advantage to the thieves to steal…

To The Editor, (Newspaper Name) (Address) (Date)SUB: Chaotic Traffic in San FranciscoI would like to draw your attention towards the growing traffic in the city of San Francisco. I hope you would publish it in the columns of yours esteemed daily. ADVERTISEMENTS: To Be Sent To The Press: Most of the residents of San Francisco move out of their homes at 8:00 AM in the morning. Nearly ____________ per cent of the people own cars. However, some of them, including women and children, use chartered buses, trains and taxis in order to reach their respective destinations. Commuters find it extremely difficult to arrive at their places of work in time. The chaos at the major crossroads speaks volumes of this glaring fact. Taxis, cars and pickup vans try to hurtle…

(Date)Dear (Name),I am glad to inform you that the association has decided to enroll you as a member and expect of you to take an active part in the proceedings. All the formalities of your registration will be completed at the office of the organization. ADVERTISEMENTS: The fees of per member for the year ____________ (Year) have been fixed at ____________ (Amount) yearly. Your immediate family, wife and children, will become bona-fide members once you enroll and will be able to use all the recreational facilities provided by the organization.With best wishes,Yours very truly, (Your Name) Secretary