Category: Essays

Legal Provisions of Section 345 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), India.Procedure in certain cases of contempt: ADVERTISEMENTS: This section provides for certain kinds or contempts which can be tried summarily by the Court in order to preserve its honour and dignity. The section is applicable to five kinds of contempt’s:—(1) Intentional omission to produce a document by a person legally bound to produce it (Section 175, IPC);(2) Refusal to take oath when duly required to take one (Section 178, IPC);(3) Refusal to answer questions by one who is legally bound to state the truth (Section 179, IPC); ADVERTISEMENTS: (4) Refusal to sign a statement made to a public servant when legally required to do so (Section 180, IPC); and(5) Intentional insult or interruption to a public servant sitting…

Human milk is available to feed the baby a few days after the birth. It is made by the mother’s mammary glands from constituents in the maternal blood and its formation is under control of prolactin and oxytocin hormones of the pituitary.The milk contains protein, fat and carbohydrate which fulfill the requirements of baby for heat and energy as well as for growth and repair of tissue.The human mammary gland consists of about 15 separate milk producing systems which are arranged radially around the nipple. ADVERTISEMENTS: The milk is produced deep to the surface in the milk-producing alveoli. These alveoli lead via series of branching ducts to a main milk duct which opens at the nipple. There are thus 15 openings at the nipple, each leading to its own milk…

In the short-run, total quantity of at least one factor of production remains fixed and quantities of other inputs can be changed. Suppose, in a two input framework, capital is the fixed input and OK amount of capital is employed (see figure 9.8).To show the relation between short run Total Cost curve and the long run Total Cost curve we use a fixed set of isocost lines (represented by a2b2, a3b3 and a5b5) and a particular isoquant map (comprising of isoquants I, II, III only) is used.First, consider isocost line ‘a2b2‘. Given this cost constraints and pre­fixed amount of capital OK, maximum amount of labour to be employed is determined by the point of intersection between KK line and isocost a2b2 (i.e., point ‘n’). ADVERTISEMENTS: This point of intersection shows…

Returns to scale refers to a relationship which shows the degree of change in output caused by change in quantities of all inputs in a fixed proportion. The concept of returns to scale is a long-run concept, because it refers to a case where all inputs are variable.In this context, it is also important to distinguish returns to scale from returns to a factor. Instead of all factors, when a relationship specifies change in output as a result of a given change in quantity of only one factor of production, while keeping the others unchanged, it is termed as returns to a factor.There are Three Types of Returns to Scale: (a) Increasing Returns to Scale: ADVERTISEMENTS: When all inputs are increased by a given proportion and the output increases by…

Price elasticity of demand may be of five types, viz, perfectly elastic demand, perfectly inelastic demand, unitary elastic demand, Relatively less elastic demand and Relatively more elastic demand. (a) Perfectly elastic demand: Perfectly elastic demand refers to a situation when due to a very insignificant or small change in price the quantity demanded changes infinitely. In such a case the demand curve is horizontal and parallel to OX axis. In this case the value of elasticity of demand is infinite (ed = It should be remembered that cases of perfectly elastic demand are very rare in actual life and it is only a theoretical case. ADVERTISEMENTS: In the above diagram DD, is the demand curve which is of horizontal shape. (b) Perfectly inelastic demand: This is a type of elasticity…

To The Chairman, Date Re: Insanitary condition of our locality.Dear Sir,We, the residents of Ward No. ____________ residing at____________ (Place) would like to draw your kind attention to the fact that we have become the extreme sufferers leading our lives in the midst of awfully insanitary condition at____________ (Name and Address of the Locality). We depict hereunder the pen- picture of the situation. ADVERTISEMENTS: Roads are uncleaned for days together by the scavengers resulting in the accumulation of garbages here and there from which bad odour is emitting always which is engulfing the entire area.These garbages are strewn over the roads by the crows in quest of their food from the same. This has created health hazard for the people residing in this area.When these accumulated garbages are not removed…

The poem is a wonderful piece of writing. Maya writings have all deep meanings and an element of sadness in her tone. She had gone through a lot of roughness in her life.She had been the victim of casteism, sexual harassment and understands the importance of love and care since she had been deprived of the same throughout her life. The poem ‘I know why the caged bird sings’ talks about the comparison between the people who are free and the one who are not the lucky ones.Here, she is talking about the poor black people who had suffered so much under the cruel white people. Throughout the poem, the free bird is referred to the free white people while the caged bird refers to the black community who had…

From (Company Name) (Address) (Tel) (Date)To The General Manager, (Company Name) (Address) (Date)Dear Sir, ADVERTISEMENTS: We manufacture and export children wear to ____________ (Different Country Name) and so regularly require different qualities and designs of fabrics in bulk.Therefore we request you to send us your local representative with the samples of your fabrics along with your terms regarding price, delivery schedule and discount.Please ensure that all the relevant details and samples are sent to facilitate a speedy decision.Yours faithfully. (Company Name) Reply to Above Letter ADVERTISEMENTS: Dear Sir,Thank you so much indeed for your interest in our fabrics. We are enclosing some of our latest samples and a copy of our fully illustrated catalogue. Our local representative will call on you sometime next week with some more samples. He will…

From (Company Name) (Address) (Date)To (Company Name) (Address)Dear Sir, ADVERTISEMENTS: We have come across your advertisement in ____________ (Newspaper Name) of ____________ (Date) describing variety of furniture manufactured by you. Our firm is a leading and established dealer in different types of ____________ (Item Name). We are successfully serving the area for the last ten years with satisfaction to our consumers. At present, we have a big order of furnishing a corporation’s office about ____________ sq. feet area. We require various items including chairs, tables, desks, cabinets, racks, etc.The advertisement, however, is too brief to give much information about the products. We would, therefore, want more details. Please send catalogues, price lists and an offer quoting your lowest price and best terms. We shall be making payments in cash.We look…

Sir,This is to draw your kind attention to the headlines and the third page of your newspaper carrying the crime- news in the city. The rate at which crime is increasing is quite alarming. Abductions and rapes seem to have be­come the order of the day. It is quite baffling that in spite of the security measures taken up by the govt., there appears to be no respite. What is more shocking is the fact that these crimes are being committed in broad daylights, particularly robbery. Moreover the dowry deaths which seemed to have come down a year back, has again shown an upward trend. ADVERTISEMENTS: It is difficult to say who is to be blamed, but definitely the police cannot always be at the receiving end. It is high…