Category: Trade

It is our duty to obey our parents, that is, to do always what they tell us to do. All that we have is given to us by our parents food, clothing and education.They tend us when we are too young to do anything for ourselves. They watch over us in times of sickness, provide for our amusement, teach us the principles of their religion, and guard us from evil influences.Obedience is a very simple way of showing gratitude for these benefits. It is a way that is well within the reach of the young infant as well as the full-grown son. ADVERTISEMENTS: Parents are not only the providers of benefits, but are the guides of their children in all the relations of life. There may be cases where a…

Essay on Mobs and Riots as Forms of Crowd Behaviour – 1. Mobs: Mob is an important form of the acting crowd. “A mob is an emotionally aroused crowd bent on violent action”—I. RobertsonMobs have their own leaders and “are single minded in their aggressive intent”. They impose strong conformity on their members. Like any other crowd mob is particularly temporary and un­stable in character. The mob has its own limited but immediate objectives and concentrates on its realisation.Two Types of Mob: ADVERTISEMENTS: The mobs are of two types:(a) The Purposive and Active Mobs:These are deliberately planned by some interested parties to achieve their own predeceased purpose. Image Source: uk2sitebuilder.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Example: Opponents of a political leader purposefully attacking a big rally; or leaders of the opposition and trade union…

Some wag once parodied the famous saying “Great are the uses of adversity!” thus “Great are the uses of advertisement!” And they certainly are, both to the producer and the consumer.Of course, there is a great deal of truth in the saying that good quality and honest workmanship are the best advertisement; and Thomas Carlyle makes merry with a London hatter who made huge model hats seven feet high and sent them round the London streets as an advertisement, by saying that he would have done better if he had used the money he thus wasted, in making better hats to sell. ADVERTISEMENTS: But in these days of far extended trade, there is no doubt that advertisement is necessary to make the existence of even first-class goods known.And even goods…

Essay on the Classification of Social Groups – Social groups are not only innumerable but also diverse. It is not possible to study all the groups. A systematic study of groups demands a scientific classification. But such a classification is difficult to be made because of the very complex nature of the group.Sociologists have not been successful in providing a satisfactory classification of groups. We have not one but several classifi­cations. Some thinkers have given simple classification while others have given an elaborate classificatory scheme. The Criteria of ClassificationClassification of any kind in any field is always made on some basis. But social groups are classified not on the basis of any one factor, but on several factors. Different sociologists have classified social groups on the basis of different criteria.…

The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by national laws, and also by international treaties, where those treaties have been (given effect in national laws. Patents are, therefore, territorial in nature.Commonly, a nation forms a patent office with responsibility for operating that nation’s patent system, within the relevant patent laws. The patent office generally has responsibility for the grant of patents, with in fragment being the remit of national courts.There is a trend towards global harmonization of patent laws, with the World Trade Organization (WTO) being particularly active in this area. Image Source: inventiontown.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The TRIPs Agreement has been largely successful in providing a forum for nations to agree on an aligned set of patent laws. Conformity with the TRIPs agreement is a requirement of admission to the…

Section 116 of the Act provides that, subject to the provision of this Act, the Appellate Board established under section 83 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 shall be the Appellate Board for the purposes of this Act and the said Appellate Board shall exercise the jurisdiction, power and authority conferred on it by or under this Act:Provided that the Technical Member of the Appellate Board forth purposes of this Act shall have the qualifications specified in sub-section (2)A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a technical member for the purposes of this Act unless he – ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Has, at least five years held the post of Controller under this Ai or has exercised the functions of the Controller under this Act of at least five years.(b)…

Good trademarkApart from distinctiveness or capable of distinguishing a good trademark should possess the following attributes:(i) It should be easy to pronounce and remember, if the mark is a word, ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) In the case of a device mark the device should be capable of being described by a single word,(iii) It must be easy to spell correctly and write legibly,(iv) It should not be descriptive but may be suggestive of the quality of goods,(v) It should be short, ADVERTISEMENTS: (vi) It should appeal to the eye as well as to the ear,(vii) It should satisfy the requirements of registration, it should not belong to the class of marks prohibited for registration. Image Source: blogs-images.forbes.comIn general a manufacturer of goods is free to adopt any mark to distinguish his goods.…

Trade secrets are kept secret and thus not disclosed to the public at large. The owner or creator takes concurrent steps and prevent J his knowledge from slipping out his hands to its rival side.Protection of trade secretsTrade secrets are kept secret and thus not disclosed to the public at large. The owner or creator takes concurrent steps and prevent J his knowledge from slipping out his hands to its rival side. ADVERTISEMENTS: In exchange of getting the chance to be appointed by the holder of trade secrets, a worker will ready to sign a contract not to disclose any material information and data of his employer.Any negligence or violation of the same will means an imposition of financial penalties. Other business associates or companies with whom the inventor is…

Offences and penalties under the trademarks act (Sections 101 and 102)Sections 101 and 102 of the Act prescribe the nature of the offences. There are certain criminal offences relating to trademarks, trade description etc., which are punishable with imprisonment, fine or both.Falsifying a trade mark to goods or services, falsely applying a trade mark to goods and services; making or possessing instruments for falsifying trademarks; applying false trade description to goods applying false indication of country origin; tampering with an indication of origin already applied to goods; causing any of the above acts; selling goods or possessing or exposing for sale of goods falsely marked; removing piece goods, cotton yarn and threads from the factory before stamping thereon certain particulars like length, weight, counts, etc.; falsely representing a trade mark…

The method adopted for passing off includes:(i) Direct false representation;(ii) Adoption of a trademark which is the same or a colorable imitation of the trade mark of a rival trader; ADVERTISEMENTS: (iii) Adoption of an essential part of a rival trader’s name;(iv) Copying the get-up or color scheme of the label used by a trader(v) Imitating the design or shape of the goods;(vi) Adopting the word or name by which the rival trader’s goods or business is known in the market, and many other ingenious methods Image Source: missioncommunitymarket.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Direct misrepresentation is rare. If a customer orders goods of particular make under a particular name and received something else it is a case of passing off although if he had examined the goods he would not have been deceived.The…