The Interdependence of Philosophy and Education – Explained!

Construction
It is noteworthy that the great educators like Plato, Rousseau, Froebel, Spencer, Dewey and Russel have also been great philosophers. Their philosophical views have emerged from their educational schemes or the educational systems of their day.It appears that their educational ideas have played an important part in the development of the philosophical thought, and at the same time their theory of education, too, appeared to have gained much from their philosophy.Fitche, in his Sixth Address to the German people says: “The art of education will never attain complete clearness in itself without philosophy.” Dewey maintains that the most penetrating definition of philosophy is that it is the theory of education in its most general phases. Image Source: binghamton.edu Philosophy and aims of education: ADVERTISEMENTS: Philosophy acquaints us with values in…
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What is the difference between “Open Cheques” and “Closed Cheques”

Fashion
There are two types of cheques: Open Cheques and Crossed Cheques.An open cheque is one which is payable in cash across the counter of the bank.A crossed cheque is one which has two short parallel lines marked across its face. ADVERTISEMENTS: A cheque marked in this fashion can be paid only to another banker. Naturally it will not be paid at the counter. The system of crossing cheque arose by mercantile usage and was later on sanctioned by law.The advantage of crossing is that it reduces the danger of unauthorised persons getting possession of a cheque and cashing it. A crossed cheque can only be cashed through a bank of which the payee of the cheque is a customer. Image Source: freestockimgs.comThere are different modes of crossing a cheque. The…
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5 Main Arguments for the Expansion of the Public Sector in India

Construction
To this basic argument for the expansion of the public sector, the government added various reasons over time.(a) To increase the growth of the core sectors of the economy, thereby creating a solid foundation in industrial growth. ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) To serve the equipment and financial needs, of strategically important sectors like Railways, Telecommunications, Nuclear Power, Defence etc. Many technical engineering, consultancy and construction industries were created.(c) To exercise countervailing power on the operation of private monopolies and multinationals in selected area this would be detrimental to the interest of common people and contrary to the principles of establishing a socialistic pattern of society. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org(d) To ensure easier availability of articles of mass-consumption socially desirable consumable commodities, to check production of unimportant luxury articles and the rationale behind setting…
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7 Most Important Objectives of Public Expenditure in India

Construction
Rapid economic development requires huge expenditure to be incurred in the various sectors of the economy. As the private sector is usually hesitant and unwilling to invest huge amounts because the returns from such investments are either uncertain or long delayed, it is public expenditure which plays the crucial role in eco­nomic development (especially) in underdeveloped economy.The objectives of public expenditure are the following: 1. Provide social goods: The theory of social goods is of prime importance to the economies of the public sector. The market economy, if certain conditions are met, enables an efficient use of resources for providing private goods. ADVERTISEMENTS: However, when it comes to providing public or social goods (e.g. parks roads, bridges, free or subsidised educational facilities), the market economy often runs into trouble. Social…
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6 Most Important Theories of “Social Change”

Fashion
Social Change refers to the modifications which take place in life patterns of a people. It occurs because all societies are in a constant state of disequilibrium. Early sociologists viewed the cultures of primitive peoples as completely static.But this view was abandoned with the appearance of scientific studies of pre-literate culture. Anthropologists now agree that primitive cultures always underwent changes, although at a very slow pace, which initially gave the impression of their being static and stationary.All modern sociologists unanimously express their agreement on the naturalness and inevitability of Social change in each human society. However, at the same time they project and advocate various theories of Social Change. Each theory seeks to explain the nature and reasons and scope of Social Change in a particular way. Image Source: patricklmitchell.files.wordpress.com…
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4 Most Important Theories of “Social Stratification”

Fashion
Most Important Theories of Social Stratification which use in Every Society are given below: I. Marxian Theory of Social Stratification: Marxian perspective provides a radical alterative to functionalist perspective of the nature of social stratification. In the Communist Manifesto’, Marx enunciated the theory of social stratification which is based on division rather than integration of classes. Image Source: economicstudents.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In the concerted view of Marx and his followers in all stratified societies, there are two major social groups, a ruling class (the Haves) and a subject class (Have-nots) the power of the ruling class derives its power from its ownership and control of the forces of production.The ruling class exploits the subject class. As a result a conflict of interest and class struggle between the two classes emerges and…
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Useful Notes on the Bright Field (Light) Microscope

Construction
The bright field microscope or light microscope or compound microscopes is the most common and the most indispensable instrument in the biology laboratory. Basically the microscope has two types of parts.The mechanical parts provide the structural framework of the microscope and support the optical parts.The optical parts are involved in the magnification of the object. The following is a detailed description of the various parts of a light microscope. Image Source: microscope.com Base, Pillar and Inclination Joint: ADVERTISEMENTS: The base and the attached pillar serve to support the entire microscope. The base is generally ‘V (horse shoe) shaped or sometimes ‘U’ shaped. Usually the pillar and the base are made heavy in order to minimize vibration.The inclination joint joins the arm of the microscope to the pillar. The joint permits…
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Biological Applications and Limitations of Electron Microscope

Architecture
Applications: 1. Viewing of ultra structure of the cell organelles is made possible.2 Structural details of large bimolecular such as proteins can be studied.3. Minute details of the topographic architecture are possible which is of systematic value as in the case of pollen grains. Image Source: bioimaging.ubc.ca Limitations of electron microscope: ADVERTISEMENTS: Even though electron microscope is a great advancement over the light microscopes in terms of higher magnification and better resolution, there are certain limitations and light microscopes have their own useful role to play in the microbiological laboratory. The limitations imposed by electron microscope are:-1. Hydrated specimens are not to be used; hence live specimens cannot be observed2. Dehydration even if carefully done will cause some distortion ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Artifacts may appear4. As electrons have a low penetration…
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What are the Legal Provisions Relating to the Preventive Action of the Police? (CrPC, 1973, India)

Design
Sections 149 to 153 lay down the provisions relating to preventive action of the police. Such action of the police officer falls into following three categories, viz.—(i) prevention of cognizable offence, (ii) prevention of injury to public property, and (iii) inspection of weights and measures.In the very nature of things there can be no judicial inquiry in a case of police action, because the police have to act on their own initiative according to the urgency of the case. Image Source: s4.scoopwhoop.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The powers given to the police under these sections are as follows:(1) Every police officer may interpose for the purpose of preventing the commission of a cognizable offence, i.e., an offence for which he could arrest without a warrant. (Section 149)On receiving information of a design to…
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Important Provisions Of Chapter XII Of The Criminal Procedure Code – Explained!

Construction
‘Investigation‘ as provided under Chapter XII of the Criminal Procedure Code consists of the steps of proceeding to the spot, investigating the facts and circumstances of the case, taking measures for discovery and arrest of the alleged offender, examining the persons acquainted with the circumstances of the case, searching and seizing any material and ultimately submitting a report under Section 173, Cr.P.C. If, in the opinion of the investigating officer, the accused should be tried.When a public servant demands bribe and in a trap laid with a decoy that public servant makes that demand and a complaint in writing is given by the decoy, since the demand amounts to a cognizable offence, the information given by the complainant is in relation to the commission of a cognizable offence within the…
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