Category: Design

Meaning of the term organization are given below:The term organization is used in at least three different meanings, namely: (1) the act of designing the administrative structure, (2) both designing and building the structure, i.e., planning the scheme of the structure and appointing suitable personnel to it, and (3) the resulting administrative structure itself. Image Source: c14608526.r26.cf2.rackcdn.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Some thinkers want to confine the use of the term ‘organization’ to the first of these meanings only in the interest of clarity and definiteness. Thus according to Urwick, organization ought to mean only ‘designing’ the structure. Giving the analogy of a motor car he distinguishes between designing the car, constructing it, and product, i.e., the car itself.Just as it would be ridiculous to use the word ‘designing’ for the construction of…

It sprawls over the western Himalayas and the Karakoram Mountains. It is bordered by Pakistan in west China in the north and east. It covers 222, 236 square km. of area. Strategically, therefore, the state of Jammu and Kashmir is very important. Immediately after Independence Pakistan made an all out effort to seize this state and even today, a big chunk of that territory (equal to about one-third of the total area of the state) is in the possession of Pakistan. Image Source: samvada.orgChina has also occupied some part of it. Though shorn of a large part of its territory, the state is still in possession of vital strategic routes and passes, fertile land and sites favouring the development of power, forests and mineralized areas. ADVERTISEMENTS: This state has its…

Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant:Statements, written or verbal, of relevant facts made by a person who is dead, or who cannot be found, or who has become incapable of giving evidence, or whose attendance cannot be procured without an amount of delay or expense which, under the circumstances of the case, appears to the Court unreasonable, are themselves relevant facts in the following cases: Image Source: shopwindowcleaningresource.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (1) When it relates to cause of death: When the statement is made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person’s death…

When we listen or use the word administration, at once it strikes on our mind that public administration is only one type or a part of the wider field of administration. This means there can be other types of administration for example business administration or private administration. Image Source: images.slideplayer.comSo before debating to the meaning of public administration, it will be wise to know and understand the meaning of the term “Administration”. Administrative activity in social life has been in existence from time immemorial. ADVERTISEMENTS: To define administration and public administration is very difficult task. No one has yet produced a single definition of administration and public administration that is fully acceptable to both practitioners and scholars, certainly not one that is readily understandable to laymen without any pre-existing knowledge…

The National Flood Control Policy comprises three phases:(i) Immediate phase extends over two years and comprises collection of basic hydrological data, construction of embankments, urgent repairs, improvement of river channels and raising of villages above flood levels. Image Source: climatetechwiki.org ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Short-term phase concerns the next four to five years. It consists of improving surface drainage, establishing proper flood warning system, shifting or raising of villages over flood level, construction of channel diversions, more embankments and construction of raised platforms for use in times of flood emergency.(iii) Long-term phase envisages schemes such as construction of dams or storage reservoirs for flood protection and soil conservation in the catchment of various rivers, detention basins, and digging large channel diversions.Under the National Flood Control Programme, launched in 1954, protection measures have…

A landslide is the rapid sliding of large masses of bed rocks or regoliths. Whenever mountain slopes are steep there is a possibility of large disastrous landslide. Landslides are triggered by earthquakes or sudden rock failures. They can also result when the base of a slope is over steepened by excavation or river erosion. Image Source: kshitija.files.wordpress.comSevere earthquakes in mountainous regions are a major cause of landslides. In the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and along the river valleys landslides are a common feature. Natural removal of soil and rock from slopes is known as mass wasting. Landslide as a hazard has long been recognised by the people living in the mountains. It becomes specially dangerous when there is heavy rainfall or snowfall on the slip and break. ADVERTISEMENTS: The extent…

Important Timber Producing Trees in India – Essay The Evergreen Rainforest: Rosewood and Slssoo (Dalbergia Species):They distinguish them among the finest of India’s cabinet and furniture woods. Roosewood has international familiarity and is found in Tamil Nadu and Coorge of Western Ghats. Ordanace department uses it in huge quantities for making gun-carriage, wheels wagon parts and railways also uses it for floor boards and carriage work. Sissoo is available in all the provinces of Northern India and the important centre of Sissoo wood is Bareilly of Uttar Pradesh. Image Source: steve-king.co.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: Telsur or Irupu (Hopea Species):A hard, strong durable timber is yielded by this tree. It is two time harder than teak. This tree can resist outdoor exposure and bad climate without any preservative. This is utilised for boat-building,…