Category: Business

A watershed or a catchment is a piece of land or an area that drains rainwater into a lake, river or stream. Watershed management is thus appropriate use and management of soil, water and vegetation to result in optimum use of water and for preservation of the soil layer. Good watershed management helps to prepare the environment against man-made activities of logging and mining, as well as against natural calamities like floods and landslides.Appropriate vegetation prevents rainwater and soil to run away from the region. If the soil is allowed to flow away with the water into the river and then into the sea, it will raise the sea level due to siltation and the fertility of soil on the land is also decreased.Integrated watershed management is a community approach…

Gover­nance, according to their interpretation has four main components:i. Public Sector Management;ii. Accountability; ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Legal Framework for Development; andiv. Transparency and Information Accessibility.Governance as per these components basically implies the proper formulation and implementation of policies by government agencies, within well-defined legal framework. It also emphasises on people getting the necessary information, fostering openness in the system and ensuring accountability on the part of politicians and bureaucracy or administrators.The World Bank, in 1992, in its Report titled “Governance and Development” considered good governance as central for creating a proper environment which is necessary for sound economic policies. Image Source : dennymeyer.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: It pointed out the basic problems of governance faced by developing countries, which include delays in implementation of projects, inadequately enforced laws, increasing competition, lack of involvement…

Lord Ripon came to India in 1880, as the viceroy. He selected by Gladstone who came to power in 1880. So he was the representative of Gladstone, an era with a strong belief in the virtues of peace, laisse-fair, and self-government.Lord Ripon was indeed of a different stamp from the typical viceory, and in his whole Political outlook was the very antithesis of his immediate predecessor. Gladstone, the chief devotee of Liberty in Europe, explained his policy towards India thus: “our title to be in India depends on a first condition, that our being there is profitable to the Indian natives; and on a second condition, that we can make them see and understand it to profitable”.So in Calcutta in his first public speech he said “Judge me by my…

We encounter public administration everywhere. It is with us, as has been observed, ‘from cradle to grave’. Public administration, simply put, is all about knowledge and technique of administering. It is a cooperative human effort to achieve predetermined administrative goals and objectives. Public administration is made up of two words, public and administration. Public includes all the activities carried out directly or indirectly by the administrative apparatus of the government.The word ‘administer’ is derived from the Latin words ‘ad’ and ‘ministare’ meaning ‘to minister’, ‘to serve’, or ‘to manage’. Woodrow Wilson spoke of public administration as a “detailed and systematic application of law. Every application of law is an act of administration”.In the words of L.D. White, “the art of administration is the direction, coordination, and control of many persons…