Category: Business

Gover­nance, according to their interpretation has four main components:i. Public Sector Management;ii. Accountability; ADVERTISEMENTS: iii. Legal Framework for Development; andiv. Transparency and Information Accessibility.Governance as per these components basically implies the proper formulation and implementation of policies by government agencies, within well-defined legal framework. It also emphasises on people getting the necessary information, fostering openness in the system and ensuring accountability on the part of politicians and bureaucracy or administrators.The World Bank, in 1992, in its Report titled “Governance and Development” considered good governance as central for creating a proper environment which is necessary for sound economic policies. Image Source : dennymeyer.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: It pointed out the basic problems of governance faced by developing countries, which include delays in implementation of projects, inadequately enforced laws, increasing competition, lack of involvement…

Lord Ripon came to India in 1880, as the viceroy. He selected by Gladstone who came to power in 1880. So he was the representative of Gladstone, an era with a strong belief in the virtues of peace, laisse-fair, and self-government.Lord Ripon was indeed of a different stamp from the typical viceory, and in his whole Political outlook was the very antithesis of his immediate predecessor. Gladstone, the chief devotee of Liberty in Europe, explained his policy towards India thus: “our title to be in India depends on a first condition, that our being there is profitable to the Indian natives; and on a second condition, that we can make them see and understand it to profitable”.So in Calcutta in his first public speech he said “Judge me by my…

We encounter public administration everywhere. It is with us, as has been observed, ‘from cradle to grave’. Public administration, simply put, is all about knowledge and technique of administering. It is a cooperative human effort to achieve predetermined administrative goals and objectives. Public administration is made up of two words, public and administration. Public includes all the activities carried out directly or indirectly by the administrative apparatus of the government.The word ‘administer’ is derived from the Latin words ‘ad’ and ‘ministare’ meaning ‘to minister’, ‘to serve’, or ‘to manage’. Woodrow Wilson spoke of public administration as a “detailed and systematic application of law. Every application of law is an act of administration”.In the words of L.D. White, “the art of administration is the direction, coordination, and control of many persons…

The adverse effects of Deforestation are as follows:Deforestation is also one of the important causes of environmental change. About 30 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with forests. The human pressure on forests has, however, significantly increased in recent decades, especially after the Second World War. ADVERTISEMENTS: The need for more agricultural land, expanded demand for fuel and commercial wood and more demand for mutton and beef can be satisfied by replacing forests with clear grazing and agricultural lands (shifting cultivation, plantation and large-scale ranching, logging).The rapid deforestation particularly that of tropical regions, is contributing to the enhanced greenhouse effect moreover, removal of the protective vegetation cover and its replacement with a crop or pasture often results in accelerated soil erosion that exacerbates nutrient deficit. Image Source: assets.worldwildlife.orgRapid…

The natural vegetation, generally, grows well where there is enough rainfall. It is conserved where the land is not fit for cultivation. The natural vegetation of India changes from one region to another due to the variations in the climate and soils. On the basis of climate and relief the natural vegetation of India can be divided in the following types:1. The tropical evergreen forests,2. The tropical deciduous forests, ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. The tropical thorn forests,4. The littoral or tidal forests, and5. The mountain forests. Image Source: i.ytimg.com 1. Tropical Evergreen Forests: ADVERTISEMENTS: These forests are found mainly in those areas where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cm, with a short dry season. The average annual temperature should range between 25 °C and 27 °C. The relative humidity should…