Legal provisions that regulate the forum for the institution of suits in India

Business
Suits may be of different types. They may relate to movable properties or immovable properties; they may be based on contracts or torts; they may be matrimonial proceedings, suits for accounts and so on.The jurisdiction of a Court to entertain, deal with and decide a suit may be restricted by a variety of circumstances, and the first thing which is to be determined is the place of suing. Image Source: forumcomm.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Sections 15 to 20 of the Code of Civil Procedure regulate the forum for the institution of suits-Section 15. Pecuniary Jurisdiction:-Section 15 refers to the Pecuniary Jurisdiction of the Court. Every suit shall be instituted in the Court of the lowest grade competent to try it.Prima facie, it is the plaintiff’s valuation in the plaint that determines the…
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Essay on the Historical Growth of Ecology from 18th Century to 20th Century

Management
Essay on the Historical Growth of Ecology from 18th Century to 20th Century !From the late seventeenth century through the nineteenth cen­tury, following five major fields of study laid the foundation for the development of ecology as a distinct scientific discipline in the twen­tieth century: (1) natural history and faunal exploration, (2) environ­mental physiology and the study of responses to environmental changes, (3) evolution and theories of natural selection, (4) popula­tion studies and demography, and (5) ecological geography and conservation (Southwick, 1976). image source: cgpauk.com Natural History and Fauna Exploration: Natural history has been a primary developmental source of ecology since the time of Aristotle. Some of the important natura­lists of late 17th, 18th and 19th centuries who contributed signi­ficantly for early growth of modem ecology are following: ADVERTISEMENTS: Rene…
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Essay on the Major Kinds and Sources of Air Pollutants

Industry
Essay on the Major Kinds and Sources of Air Pollutants !A major source of air pollution is the particulate and gaseous matter released by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal petroleum, etc. image source: ccceh.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Out of this comes a variety of emissions:(1) Fine particles (less than 100 in diameter), which include carbon parti­cles, metallic dusts, tars, resins, aerosols, solid oxides, nitrates, and sulphates;(2) Coarser particles (over 200/m), largely carbon particles and heavy dust that is quickly removed by gravity from the air;(3) Sulphur compounds; ADVERTISEMENTS: (4) Nitrogen compounds;(5) Oxygen compounds;(6) Halogens; and(7) Radioactive substances. ADVERTISEMENTS: These pollutants are artificial pollutants and they are poured in air mainly by at least five major fuel-burning sources. Automo­biles (cars, scooters, motorcycles) are the greatest sources of air pollution. They…
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Sampling the Populations of Phytoplankton and Periphyton | Essay

Management
Essay on Sampling the Populations of Phytoplankton and Periphyton !In aquatic communities algae are the dominant vegetation. There are two kinds of growth involved: the plankton suspended on the water and the periphyton growing attached to some subs­trate of aquatic habitat. image source: aquaticconsulting.com Sampling technique for phytoplankton: Phytoplank­tons of a water body can be sampled by following two methods: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) In one method, phytoplanktons are obtained by drawing water samples from several depths. Cell counts of algae present in each sample, either normal or concentrated, are made with a Sedgewieh Rafter counting chamber and a Whipple ocular. According to the need, sometime the samples may be concentrated by centrifugation in forest plankton centrifuge. The centrifuged samples are then diluted to a suitable volume (100 to 200 ml) in…
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Essay on the Types, Kinds and Sources of Water Pollution | Essay For Kids

Industry
Types of Water Pollution: Types of water pollution may be classified by the medium in which they occur, such as surface water pollution, ground water pollution, soil water pollution, etc.; the habitat in which they occur, such as river pollution, lake pollution, estuarine pollution, coastal water pollution, open ocean pollution, etc.; and source or type of contamination, such as nutrient pollution, bacterial pollution, viral pollution, metallic pollution, petrochemical pollution, pesticide pollu­tion, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, etc. image source: siddequi.jagranjunction.com Kinds and Sources of Water Pollutants: Pollutants entering water sources are classified broadly into following categories: domestic sewage and oxygen-demanding wastes; infectious agents; plant nutrients; chemicals such as in­secticides, herbicides, and detergents; other minerals and chemicals; sediment from land erosions; radioactive substances; and heat from power and industrial plants. ADVERTISEMENTS: These…
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Essay on Methods used to Control Air Pollution (383 Words)

Industry
Here is your essay on Methods used to Control Air Pollution !Most kinds of air pollutions can be controlled by modern technology, but the costs ultimately be borne by the public in the form of higher prices for manufactured goods, higher taxes, redu­ced profit margins in industry, and more restrictions on individual activities such as burning leaves and trash and use of automobiles. The benefits involve not only improved environmental quality, but improved health, improved agriculture and plant growth, and reduced deterioration of material goods. image source: climate.america.gov ADVERTISEMENTS: In USA, various devices such as the positive crankcase venti­lation valve and catalytic converter have been developed to reduce exhaust emissions by automobiles, but these devices are not always fully maintained by the public.Likewise, particulate pollution from industry and power generation…
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Essay on Open Prison System (582 Words)

Management
Here is your essay on the concept of open jail system!Though the working of open-jail during the first two decades of its beginning in India proved to be useful and showed some positive results but there has been a sharp decline in the popularity of these prisons in the recent past. Perhaps it is for this reason that there has been no significant addition to the existing open jails after 1980. Even the idea of an exclusive open jail for women did not gain much public support. image source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Perhaps the true reason for public apathy for open prisons is the extensive use of probation as a measure of individualised treatment of offenders which seeks to bring about reformation and rehabilitation of criminals within the community itself. Resort…
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Essay on "Good time" Laws in India

Management
Essay on “Good time” Laws in India !Before reviewing the position of good time laws in India, it must be stated that reduction of sentence under “good-time” laws is different from the commutation of sentence. While reduction in prisoner’s term of imprisonment depends on the discretion of prison authorities, the commutation of sentence is a prerogative of the executive Head of the State. image source: gogoodscout.com ADVERTISEMENTS: It must also be noted that reduction in the term of sentence under good-time laws is invariably granted to almost all inmates as a matter of course therefore, its significance seems to have been lost in the present penal system. Any misconduct on the part of inmate inside the prison may, however, entail certain reduction in his good time allowance.The system of allowing…
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Essay on Lok Adalats in India (693 Words)| LAW

Decision Making
Here is your essay on Lok Adalats in India !Any discussion on criminal justice system in India will remain incomplete without a reference to the institution of Lok Adalat. The phraseology ‘Lok Adalat’ comprises two words, namely, ‘Lok’ and ‘Adalat’ the former expressing the concept of public opinion while the latter denoting the accurate and thorough deliberation aspect of decision making. image source: ghclsc.gov.in ADVERTISEMENTS: Both these aspects have been blended judiciously in the institution of Lok Adalat as envisaged by Sections 19(1) and 20(4) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Judicial officers are integral part forming the composition of Lok Adalat and the principles of justice, equity and fair play are the guiding factors for decision based on compromises to be arrived at before such Adalats.The Lok Adalat…
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Essay on Information Technology Act, 2000 (399 Words)

E-Commerce
Here is your Essay on Information Technology Act, 2000 !The Indian Penal Code, 1860 was found insufficient to cater to the needs of new crimes emerging from Internet expansion. Even some of the traditional crimes such as conspiracy, solicitation, securities, fraud, espionage etc. are now being committed through Internet which necessitates a new law to curb them. It was in this background that the Information Technology Act, 2000 was enacted in India for prevention and control of cyber crimes. image source: 1.bp.blogspot.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Prior to the enactment of this Act, the law applicable to cyber offences was the Indian Penal Code which was enacted long back in 1860 when no one even thought of computer technology or cyber criminality.With the coming into force of Information Technology Act, 2000, it became…
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