27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

The Advantages of Foreign Direct Investment in India – Explained!

Accounting
FDI stand for Foreign Direct Investment. It is direct investment into production in a country by a company in another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country.The International Monetary Fund defines FDI as when one individual or business owns 10% or more of a foreign company’s capital. Every financial transaction afterwards is considered by the IMF as an additional direct investment. If an investor owns less than 10%, it is considered as nothing more than an addition to his/her stock portfolio.FDI is beneficial for both the investor and receiver. Many investors of developed countries of Europe and America make investment in the developing country to target the market and to take different kinds of advantage such…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

4 Dimensions of Institutional Effectiveness in an HRD System

Management
Institutional effectiveness dimensions are given below:(1) Better results.(2) Reduced costs ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) Reduction or elimination of wastage and stagnation.(4) Better image.These four components of HRD can be schematically presented as follows (Rao, 1986).HRD can be implemented in such a manner that it is beneficial both to the individual and to the institution. For this, it should foster a sense of belongingness among employees. Image Source: aoma.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: This feeling develops when an institution provides for their basic needs as well as for their higher needs through appropriate management styles and systems. Employees’ commitment can be developed and enhanced by providing opportunities for self-fulfillment in one’s work.A manager’s job is to provide a positive, motivating work climate which would ensure development and utilization of the capabilities of subordinates.However, the HRD system…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Difference between Organisational Climate and Organisational Culture–Explained!

Management
Before making an attempt to further clarify and discuss the concept of organizational culture, it is essential to comprehend the distinction between ‘he terms Organizational climate and organizational culture.Both the concepts are concerned with the overall work atmosphere of an organization. Both deal the social context in organizations and both are assumed to affect the behaviours of people who work in organizations (Denison, 1996). These are the similarities between the two concepts. Image Source: charactercountsiniowa.org ADVERTISEMENTS: However, the two concepts differ in many significant ways:(1) Researches on organizational were mainly based in psychology, whereas, the study of organizational culture is based in anthropology and sociology,(2) Organizational climate does not deal with values and norms in most cases. On the other hand, organizational culture is very often described as the means…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Interesting Facts on Force-Field Analysis–Revealed!

Strategy
Kurt Lewin, one of the early geniuses of the human dynamic movement, has developed a logical way of looking at change known as force-field analysis. Lewin argues that the forces supporting change and the forces opposing change converge in a “quasi-stationary equilibrium”.The forces favouring change are known as ‘driving forces’ and the forces resisting change are called ‘restraining forces‘ by Lewin. According to him, equilibrium is present when a balance exists between these two forces. Flexibility and movement are also present to some extent. Hence, the equilibrium is only quasi-stationary.If the driving and restraining forces are equal in magnitude, their will be status quo. However, if these two forces are unequal in magnitude, the quasi-static equilibrium will be disturbed. Image Source: media.showmeapp.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Change, according to Lewin, will occur only…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Essay on 4G Technology

Industry
4G which stands for 4th Generation Technology is an extension of the 3G technology and has new advancements including better bandwidth and services added to it.4G is basically mobile technology which has evolved from the basic 1G technology that came up with cell phones coming into the communication world.4G is considered as future generation technology and its goals are definitely progressive. Technologies like UMTS, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO, WIMAX etc. fall into the category of 4G. ADVERTISEMENTS: 4G is expected to enhance the security measures and provide high data transfer speeds and improve user efficiency. The blips that happen in transmission due to movement of device from one place to another with network changes are expected to reduce with 4G technology.4G technologies are supposed to use network address in lines with…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Quantitative and Qualitative Approach to Evaluate Success of an Event Implementation

Management
We have discussed earlier that the impact an event has on its target audience is equivalent to the measure of reach and interaction that occur during the event. Whereas reach is tangible, interaction to a certain extent is intangible as well as not always quantifiable.Immediate and long-term benefits that accrue from an event are important when evaluating an event from the clients’ point of view.A cost-benefit analysis concerning the effectiveness of reach and interaction is a must as a pre-event activity. Post-event stock taking activity should be done to confirm whether the event has occurred as per plans. kamloopsthisweek.com ADVERTISEMENTS: This analysis should consider the actual cost of the event that includes the non-budgeted expenditure as well as the actual benefits that accrued to the client from the event. The…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

4 Phases that an organization should adopt for an effective Knowledge Management system

Decision Making
Phases that an organization should adopt for an effective Knowledge Management system are:1. Awakening phase (Pre-implementation phase)2. Actionable phase (Design & development phase) ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Implementation phase (Deployment phase)4. Maintenance & ‘measurement phase (Post-implementation phase) brucerosenstein.com Awakening Phase (Pre-implementation phase): Review of organizational mission/vision statements for any KM initiatives to succeed, it has to be synchronized with the organizational vision. ADVERTISEMENTS: Hence, it is a recommended practice to flag off the KM initiative by reviewing the organizational mission/vision and understands how a KM initiative can help the organization realize its objectives. The associated implementation scope can also be gauged.In case an organization cannot establish a strong case for commencing a KM initiative, the plan should be outright abandoned.Organizational mission statement The Mission Statement declares “why” an organization exists, and is…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

4 Important Branches of Public Finance–Explained!

Management
Public finance is broadly divided into four branches. These are Public Expenditure, Public Revenue, Public Debt and Financial Administration.Under Public Expenditure, we study the various principles, effects and problems of expenditure made by the public authorities.Under the branch of Public Revenue, we study the various ways of raising revenues by the public bodies. We also study the principles and effects of taxation and how the burden of taxation is distributed among the various classes in the society. previews.123rf.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Public Debt is the study of the various principles and methods of raising debts and their economic effects. It also deals with the methods of repayment and management of public debt.The branch of Financial Administration deals with the methods of budget preparation, various types of budgets, war finance, development finance, etc.Need…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

4 Qualitative Methods of Credit Control Used by the Reserve Bank

Management
The qualitative or selective methods of credit control are adopted by the Reserve Bank in its pursuit of economic stabilization and as part of credit management.1. Margin Requirements: Changes in margin requirements are designed to influence the flow of credit against specific commodities. The commercial banks generally advance loans to their customers against some security or securities offered by the borrowers and acceptable to banks. ADVERTISEMENTS: More generally, the commercial banks do not lend upto the full amount of the security but lend an amount less than its value.The margin requirements against specific securities are determined by the Reserve Bank. A change in margin requirements will influence the flow of credit. A rise in the margin requirements results in a contraction in the borrowing value of the security and similarly,…
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27Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

9 Major Criticisms Against the International Monitoring Fund (IMF)

Management
The IMF has been severely criticised by academics, politicians, and public-interest groups. Much of the criticism is serious and well intentioned.First, the IMF today is not as strong as it was a few years ago. “The US’ abandonment, in 1971, of the fixed exchange rate system managed by the IMF heralded an abrupt erosion of its authority.”Second, it has failed to strongly warn emerging market countries of the dangers of liberalizing their restrictions on domestic financial activities and international capital flows without prior actions to strengthen their financial institutions and establish appropriate frameworks. Image Source: static.independent.co.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: Third, the IMF attached austere conditions to its loans and did not pay more attention to growth and income distribution, i.e., poverty reduction.Fourth, the IMF is also criticised for relying on a highly…
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