Category: Industry

While selecting channels of distribution the marketer must decide about the number of customers it wishes to reach and the intensity of distribution, and then has to employ one of the three different distribution strategies: i. Intensive Distribution: Products which are of mass use like bread, salt, etc. or relate to impulse purchase such as chocolates or too small and simple, marketers go for intensive distribution. In these cases the customer loyalty is found to be low. Customers can buy any brand if their choice brand is not available. This is the reason that Dabur Hajmola is available at a grocery store, chemist shop, panwala, and bakery shop. Intensive distribution’s aim is to provide maximum coverage of the market by using all available outlets. Image Source: view-talay-pattaya.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Intensive distribution…

Major principles of Marxist ethics, are as follows: (1) Theory of Equality, (2) Theory of Freedom, (3) Theory of Progress, (4) Theory of Identity of Ends and Means, and (5) Approximation of Armed Revolt. 1. Theory of Equality: Equality implies the uprooting of economic classes. All should work equally and receive equal wages. And only communism can achieve this equality of labour and wages. The socialist order is only a step in the same progress. Communism recognizes the difference in powers of individuals, thus equality has been limited to the economic field. Image Source: thedroneinfo.com 2. Theory of Freedom: ADVERTISEMENTS: According to Hegel, freedom lies in the recognition of necessity. In the words of Angles, “Freedom is not achieved by escaping natural laws. Freedom is in understanding them and making…

The word ‘Kashmir’ is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning Land of Kashyap. Rishi Kashyap was one of the Saptarishis who was a Saraswat Brahmin and formalized the ancient Historical Vedic Religion. His descendants or the Kashmiri Pandits as they are commonly known named the valley in his honor.Kashmir falls in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. The geographical denotions of Kashmir include the valleys between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Mountain range, until the mid -19th century.At present, it also includes the larger area of Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir comprising of the three divisions of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh. Kashmir shares its borders with Pakistan as well as China. Kashmir region has been a center of Hinduism, Buddhism followed by Kashmir Shaivism. Shah…

The Major Differences between Micro and Macroeconomics are mentioned below:1. The word ‘Micro’ means small. It is a study of individuals or groups. According to Shapiro “Microeconomics deals with small parts of the economy.” It is a piece meal study. On the other hand, ‘Macro’ means large. It is a study of economy as a whole. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Microeconomics is a study of particular households, particular firms, particular industries, particular commodities, particular prices etc. On the other hand, Macroeconomics deals with aggregate of these quantities, not with individual incomes but with the national income, not with individual prices but with the price level, not with individual output but with the national output.3. The objective of microeconomics is to maximise utility or maximisation of profit or minimisation of cost. But the…

There are 18 SFCs across the country mandated to serve as Regional Development Banks for promoting industrial growth. These corporations were envisaged to function as Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) mainly for SSIs. Besides term loans for setting up new units, expansion, modernization, etc., of industrial units; they are also mandated to provide equity support wherever needed.The SFCs set up under the State Financial Corporation’s (SFCs) Act, 1951 have made significant contributions in developing industrial sector including the Small Scale Industry (SSI) Sector in India for well over past five decades. Over the years their activities have expanded considerably. However, with the passage of time, several problems connected with the structure, management and resources have confronted the SFCs.As such, their overall financial health has reached a critical state, with many of…

Legal Provisions of Section 304A of Indian Penal Code, 1860.Causing death by negligence:This section punishes causing death by a rash or negligent act. It says that whoever causes the death of any person by doing either any rash act or any negligent act, and such rash or negligent act does not amount to either culpable homicide amounting to murder or culpable homicide not amounting to murder, shall be punished with simple or rigorous imprisonment for a term extending up to two years, or with fine, or with both. Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In the Draft Penal Code a provision dealing with such a matter did exist but somehow the same could not find a place in the Indian Penal Code at the time of its enactment. This section was added…

The main causes for the rapid growth in the quantity of solid waste are: 1. Overpopulation: Due to increasing industrialization and population large quantities of wastes are being generated in different forms such as- solid, liquid, sludge and gases. Each city produces tones of solid wastes daily from households, hospitals, industry offices, market centers etc.Some of these are biodegradable some are non biodegradable and Hazardous waste. Wastes are directly thrown away on the street roads, city garbage collecting places etc. Out of which most of it still remain there, which later pile up and chocks cities drainage lines. Image Source: 3.bp.blogspot.com Urbanization: ADVERTISEMENTS: Due to pressure of urbanization most of the cities are growing fast and sometimes they develop beyond the planned limits. Generally the unplanned areas of the city…

An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith.This Act came into force on 23 March, 1974. It applies in the first instance to the whole of the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and the Union Territories; and it shall apply to such other State which adopts this Act by resolution passed in that behalf under clause (1) of article 252 of the…

Macroeconomic analysis has been gaining strength ever since the publication of J.M. Keynes’ General Theory of Employment Interest and Money.Inductive method has, however, posed the danger of excessive generalization of individual experiences to the system as a whole. Such pitfalls need to be avoided if macroeconomics is to serve as a handmaid of public policy. Let us outline such pitfalls as the limitations of macroeconomics: Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.com 1. Excessive Generalization: ADVERTISEMENTS: As hinted above, generalization of individual observation to the system as a whole may lead to erratic inferences about the system as a whole. For instance, a loss incurred by one firm in an industry does not necessarily imply losses to all other firms in it. Likewise, hospitality shown by one Indian does not imply that each and…

Broadly speaking, a monetary policy aims at the following five goals, popularly known as its objectives: 1. Neutrality of Money: Initially suggested by Wicksteed, supported later by Hayek and Robertson, the objective of neutrality of money implies that money should remain strictly neutral, causing no changes in the general price-level, output, income and employment. Image Source: egginasia.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: According to these economists, collectively known as the neutralists, money should not influence economic parameters such as price, output, income and employment nor should it influence the pattern of distribution in society. In other words, money should play a passive role as a medium of exchange and store of value.Neutrality of money is often put to severe criticism on the following grounds:1. It is based on the assumption, implicit in the quantity…