Category: Industry

India’s most important nuclear Research Reactor centers are given below: 1. Dhruva: India’s largest research reactor designed and developed by Mumbai’s Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, became critical in 1985 testifying to the capacity of our scientists to enrich tradition with their own talent. Work on the 100 MW (thermal) heavy water-cooled and moderated natural uranium metal reactors began in 1973. ADVERTISEMENTS: It was ready for commissioning by the middle of 1985 but a technical hitch and its creators’ insistence of “ensuring 100 per cent safety” delayed the announcement of their hour of triumph by over a year.This landmark in our atomic research is particularly exciting because it would give a fresh fillip to the production of isotopes like iodine 131, chromium 51 and molybdenum 99 providing better facilities for medical…

Out of the many problems that are facing India, the problem of rising prices is the most intricate. Although it is affecting universally, yet it has rendered the life of the poor impossible to pull on and the number of poor in India is far greater than the rich. So it is the problem of the whole country.Prices of all commodities are rising almost daily. For what you buy a commodity today, you cannot have it on the same price a few days after. The hardest hit on this problem is the salaried class. The businessmen and the traders meet out the problem of dearness by earning larger profits. Image Source: patrontechnology.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The labour class too charges high wages and has a low standard of living, so they, too,…

The Steel Plants that comes under the Public Sector of India are mentioned below: Steel Plants 1. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra): The Union Cabinet, in June 1979, approved an investment of Rs. 3,897 crores for setting up a 3.4 million tonne public sector steel plant at Visakhapatnam in collaboration with the erstwhile USSR. It was the first integrated steel project to be set up in the southern region. ADVERTISEMENTS: Many modern technological features have been incorporated in the design of VSP e.g., seven metre tall coke-oven batteries with dry quenching facilities, bigger blast furnace of 3,200 cubic metres, cent per cent continuous casting facilities etc. The plant produces wire rods, billets, universal beams, light and medium steel products and granulated slag. 2. Rourkela Plant (Orissa): Set up by the Government…

The Origin: As the name suggests, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an association of countries which are substantial net exporters of oil and which subscribe to a set of commonly agreed objectives.It is a permanent, intergovernmental organisation. Created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10-14, 1960, by five countries, viz., Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.It was later joined by eight others: Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1962), United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973) and Gabon (1975).Two countries, Ecuador and Gabon, left OPEC in 1992 and 1994, respectively, reducing its membership to the remaining 11 countries. It started with its headquarters at Geneva, and moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965. Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.com ADVERTISEMENTS: OPEC produces around…

4G which stands for 4th Generation Technology is an extension of the 3G technology and has new advancements including better bandwidth and services added to it.4G is basically mobile technology which has evolved from the basic 1G technology that came up with cell phones coming into the communication world.4G is considered as future generation technology and its goals are definitely progressive. Technologies like UMTS, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO, WIMAX etc. fall into the category of 4G. ADVERTISEMENTS: 4G is expected to enhance the security measures and provide high data transfer speeds and improve user efficiency. The blips that happen in transmission due to movement of device from one place to another with network changes are expected to reduce with 4G technology.4G technologies are supposed to use network address in lines with…

The massive trade liberalisation measures adopted after 1991 mark a major departure from the relatively protectionist trade policies pursued in earlier years.The current trade policy reforms seem to have been guided mainly by the concerns over globalisation of the Indian economy, improving competitiveness of its industry, and adverse balance of payments situation. Main features of trade policies (trade reforms) since 1991 are as follows: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Free Imports and Exports: Substantial simplification and liberalisation has been carried out in the reform period. The tariff line wise import policy was first announced on March 31, 1996 and at that time itself 6,161 tariff lines were made free. newcenturypublications.comTill March 2000, this total had gone up to 8,066. The Exim Policy 2000-01 removed quantitative restrictions on 714 items and the Exim Policy…

The popular Bollywood film star celebrated his 67th birthday in October, 2009, and received unprecedented accolades from not only the film industry but also from those not connected with the films. He has now emerged as one of highest paid film stars in the country. His income from the brand advertisements on the small screen is stupendous.His fortunes had dipped on account of successive flops and losses in business, but were lifted spectacularly by the popular TV show, “Kaun Banega Crorepati”. His wax figure has been displayed in Madam Tussaud’s museum in London. Politically, he has aligned himself with the Samajwadi Party of Mulayam Singh Yadav and Amar Singh in Jan 2010, he was getting closer to Narendra Modi the Gujarat Chief Minister. ADVERTISEMENTS: His wife Jaya Bachchan is now…

The aim of education according to realism is to give to the pupil a complete knowledge and understanding of human society human nature, motives and institutions. Education must explain to the pupil how he is related to the world of man and to the world of nature.The purpose of this explanation is to enable the pupil to adjust himself in the environment in which he must live. Rabelais, a realist, says that the aim of education is “the formation of a complete man, skilled in art and industry,” the development of the whole man, physically, morally, intellectually.To Milton, another realist, education should prepare for actual living in a real world when he writes: “I call, therefore, a complete and generous education that which fits a man to perform skillfully, justly,…

Aims of education are generally based on educational values, certain bases are necessary for such values. Image Source: cdn2.freedomoutpost.comThese bases may be the following ones: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. A historical analysis of some social institutions.2. General ideals of life.3. Scientific analysis of modern life.4. The basis of various philosophical ideas. ADVERTISEMENTS: Out of the above four bases the philosophical basis has been accepted as the most appropriate one. With the philosophical basis, the path for effecting improvement in the life of people may be easier.General ideals are not of particular importance, although their acceptance, too, may be a social necessity at times. Scientific bases may indicate the paths for leading a comfortable life, but they cannot awaken us to sublime ideals of life. Therefore philosophical bases are regarded as best.Because of…

An international network of biosphere reserves, national parks and protected areas has been set up under the MAB Programme (UNESCO, 1974) with the objective to conserve the diversity and integrity of natural plant and animal communities and to safeguard the genetic diversity of species for continued evolution.These reserves include representative and unique areas of the world’s biomes and the selection of the reserves has been greatly facilitated by a thorough knowledge of the important biotic communities. Such protected reserves are intended to help meet scientific, economic, educational, cultural and recreational needs of present and future generations of mankind. Their chief importance lies in the maintenance of the gene pools of living species.Some representatives of man-modified areas are also conserved under this programme, in addition to natural areas. Most of the…