02Oct 2018 by admin

Essential Elements and Limiting Factors of Environment | Essay

Development
Essay on the Essential Elements and Limiting Factors of Environment !The individual organisms of species population, in order to grow and multiply, must be supplied with certain essential materials. Of the hundred four (i.e., 104) naturally occurring chemical ele­ments on the earth, all living organisms are believed to utilize only 16 different chemical elements for their survival.These are called essential elements. Several other elements are needed in small quantities by some species. They are summarized in table 11.1. ADVERTISEMENTS: Table 11.1. Essential elements (Clapham, Jr., 1973):Macronutrients: Elements used in relatively large quantities.Micronutrients: Elements generally needed in relatively small quantities.Micronutrients: Elements needed by certain species in relatively small quantities. CarbonIronSodium HydrogenManganeseVanadium OxygenBoronCobalt NitrogenMolybdenumIodine PhosphorusCopperSelenium CalciumZincSilicon MagnesiumChlorineFluorine SulphurBarium Some of these tabulated elements are used in relatively large quantities as the fundamental…
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02Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on the Major Kinds and Sources of Air Pollutants

Industry
Essay on the Major Kinds and Sources of Air Pollutants !A major source of air pollution is the particulate and gaseous matter released by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal petroleum, etc. image source: ccceh.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Out of this comes a variety of emissions:(1) Fine particles (less than 100 in diameter), which include carbon parti­cles, metallic dusts, tars, resins, aerosols, solid oxides, nitrates, and sulphates;(2) Coarser particles (over 200/m), largely carbon particles and heavy dust that is quickly removed by gravity from the air;(3) Sulphur compounds; ADVERTISEMENTS: (4) Nitrogen compounds;(5) Oxygen compounds;(6) Halogens; and(7) Radioactive substances. ADVERTISEMENTS: These pollutants are artificial pollutants and they are poured in air mainly by at least five major fuel-burning sources. Automo­biles (cars, scooters, motorcycles) are the greatest sources of air pollution. They…
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02Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on the Important Zoogeography regions of Planet Earth !

Poverty
The Important Zoogeography regions of Mother Earth !A few groups of animals are cosmopolitan in having world-wide distribution and most animals are restricted in distribution because of same kind of barrier or because of past history of origin and dispersal. image source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: An understanding of their present-day distribution takes us into zoogeography Major units of distribution are the zoological region or zoogeographical regions, areas defined largely by the past and present rela­tions of the continent to each other. Each region is further sub­divided into faunal or ecological units, depending on the criteria used. Zoogeographical Regions: There are six zoogeographical regions, each more or less em­bracing a major continental land mass and all have long been separated from one another by water (oceans and fresh-water bodies), mountain ranges or…
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02Oct 2018 by admin

Soils Fauna and Soil Flora – Essay

Ecosystem
Essay on Soils Fauna and Soil Flora !Soil supports a wide array of organisms of different body-sizes and taxonomic groups. Generally, soil organisms are classified into three major groups namely micro-fauna and micro-flora, meso-fauna or meio-fauna, and macro-fauna. image source: pasowinerealestate.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Mesoflora and macroflora because occur above the surface of soil (land-surface), therefore are ex­cluded from this discussion: 1. Microfauna: It includes animals with body size within the range of 20 µ to 200µ. It includes all Protozoa and small-sized mites, nematodes, rotifers, tradigrades and copepode Crustacea. Soil inhabiting protozoans like amoeba, ciliates, zoomastigine flagellates occur near the surface soils, while the testate forms like Thecamoeba, Euglypha and Difflugia, have a wider vertical distribu­tion.The common terrestrial polyclad is Bipalium. The nematodes such as Rhabditis, Diplogaster, Tylenchus, Heterodera, Aphelen- choides,…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on Animal Populations (933 Words)

Ecology
Here is your essay on Animal Populations !The inherent tendency of all animal populations is to increase in number. But this increase in number is however, not infinite since the carrying capacity of the environment always imposes restriction upon it.Thus, after reaching the carrying capacity level, the population density tends to fluctuate above and below this level and such fluctuation in population between upper and lower limits tends to give some stability to the population. The nature of the processes that regulate the numbers of animals is a major problem of population ecology. image source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Many groups of animals are provided with unique and intrinsic self-regulatory mechanism such as failure of reproduction and self-inflicted mortality for controlling the size of the population. Populations grow when natality exceeds mortality,…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Important Types of Succession Established in an Ecosystem | Essay

Ecosystem
Essay on the Important Types of Succession established in an Ecosystem !The first organisms to become established in an ecosystem undergoing succession are known as pioneers; the stable community that ends the succession is termed the climax community.The whole series of communities which are involved in the ecological succession at a given area, such as from grass to shrub to forest, and which terminates in a final stable climax community, is called a sere and each of the changes that take place is a seral stage, Each seral stage is a community, although temporary, with its own characteristics and it may remain for a very short time or for many years. image source: fredonia.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: Seres are sometimes classified according to the predominant force that is bringing them about. These…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Short Essay on Radioactive Pollution (374 Words)

Essays
Here is your essay on Radioactive Pollution for school and college students !Radioactive isotopes, or radionuclide’s, are forms of elements with unstable atomic nuclei; that is, they decompose with ionizing radiation in the form of alpha or beta particles, or gamma rays. Many radioisotopes, such as radium-226, uranium-235 or 238, thorium-232, potassium-40, or carbon-I4, occur naturally in rocks and soil.Other radioisotopes such as those of cesium, cobalt, iodine, krypton, plutonium, and strontium, result primarily as fission products from atomic bomb fallout, nuclear reactors or other radiation sources. Of more than 450 radioactive isotopes which man occurs as fission products, only a few are of major environmental concern? These are primarily argon-41, cobalt-60, cesium-137, iodine-131, krypton-85, strontium-90, tritium and plutonium-239 (Babington, 1973) image source: c14608526.r26.cf2.rackcdn.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Within biotic community’s ana ecosystems,…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Short Speech on Ecology | For School Students

Ecology
Here is your speech on Ecology for school and college students !Ecology is a vast and encyclopedic biological subject. To a beginner, at the outset, ecology may appear to be quite confusing and discouraging because it seems so diffuse and incoherent. image source: cgpauk.com ADVERTISEMENTS: After all, it must take into account the life habits of over two million different kinds of animals and plants and it considers all manner of influence and interactions among them. Fortunately, however, the innumerable facts of ecology can be distilled into following some relatively basic and simple principles:The ecology is the study of ecosystems or the totality of the reciprocal interactions between living organisms and their environment. The term organism refers to an individual unit constituted to carry on the activities of life.It is…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on Autecology and Synecology ! (526 Words)

Ecology
Here is your essay on Autecology and Synecology !As discuss earlier in both plant and animal ecology are artificially divided into two parts, syne­cology and autecology. A brief comparison of these two ecologi­cal subdivisions will explain the basic significance of each of them. Autecology is concerned with the study of the interrelations of individual organisms with the environment.Synecology is concer­ned with the study of groups of organisms—the community, hence, it is also called community ecology. Both have developed indepen­dently, although the knowledge of both of them is necessary for the understanding of the individual, population, or ecosystem. Autecology is experimental and inductive. Synecology is philoso­phical and deductive. image source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Autecology because it is concerned with the relationship of an organism to one or more variables such as light,…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Classification of Organisms According to Tem­perature Tolerance and Regulation | Essay

Development
Essay on the Classification of Organisms According to Tem­perature Tolerance and Regulation !Although both plants and animals experience and exist within the same external energy environment, there exist fundamental differences. Plants cannot move to escape adverse effects of heat or cold, and their metabolic heat is derived from absorbed solar rays. image source: biologyjunction.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Plants has been divided into the following four categories on the basis of their heat tolerating capacity : (i) Megatherms: plants growing in regions where high temperatures prevail throughout the year, e.g., desert vegetation and tropical rain forests, (ii) Meso­derms: plants of the regions where high temperature alternating with low temperature, e.g., tropical deciduous forests and aquatic plants, (iii) Microtherms: plants of the regions where low tem­perature prevail throughout the year, e.g., mixed coniferous forests,…
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