06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Commerce Question Bank – 30 Short Questions With Answers on “Marketing Management”

Branding
36 Short Questions with Answers on “Marketing Management” for Commerce Students: image source: iampyourbrand.com1. What is scalloped product life cycle? In the scalloped P. L.C., sales pass through a succession of life cycles based on the discovery of new- product characteristics, uses or users. Nylon’s sales, for example, show a scalloped pattern because of the many new uses – parachutes, hosiery, shirts, carpeting, boat sails, automobile tires – that continue to be discovered overtime. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. What is product development? Development of new products refers to the different products a company plans, develops and markets It consists of creation of new ideas, determining their sales potential, profitability, production requirements, investment and other resources needed and then producing.The product is then tested before marketing it on large scale. The decision to…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Commerce Question Bank – 27 Short Questions With Answers on “Financial Management”

Accounting
27 Important Short Questions with Answers on “Financial Management” for Commerce Students: image source: cottoncpa.com1. What do you understand by the cost of capital? The cost of capital to a company is the rate of return it must earn in order to satisfy the expectation of investors who provide long term funds to the firm. Cost of capital is a concept in financial management linking the investment and financing decisions. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Why is the cost of capital important? It is important for three reasons:1. For proper analysis of capital expenditure decisions, which are of prime importance to a firm, an estimate of cost of capital is required. The cost of capital is the discount rate used in NPV calculations and also the financial yardstick against which rate of return…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What is the Proof of a Hindu Marriage under Section 8 of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955?

Marriage
The Proof of a Hindu marriage under Section 8 of Hindu marriage Act, 1955 are as follows:In order to facilitate proof of a Hindu marriage the State Government is authorised to make rules providing for registration of marriages. Such rules must, inter alia, provide that the parties to any such marriage may have the particulars relating to their marriage entered in the Marriage Register in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. Image Source: hakimsonsfilms.com ADVERTISEMENTS: It is upto the State Government to provide, if it thinks fit, to make the registration of the particulars of all marriages compulsory in the State or in any parts thereof. Where any such direction has been issued by the State Government, any person contravening any rule made in that…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What are the Conditions Required for a Hindu Marriage to be Valid?

Marriage
The Conditions for a valid Hindu marriage under the Act are as follows:The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 originally provided six conditions for a valid marriage but the Child Marriage Restraint Act which was passed in 1978 omitted the sixth condition relating to guardianship in marriage and now there are only five conditions as pre-requisites for a valid Hindu marriage. These conditions are essential for the validity of marriage. In case of non-fulfilment of these conditions the marriage would not be deemed to be valid. Image Source: farm4.staticflickr.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The conditions given in the section are binding and definite, in absence of which the validity of marriage becomes doubtful. Section 5 of the Act, which deals with these conditions dispenses with the requirement of the identity of the caste. Section 5…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Framing of Charge in India (Section 228 of CrPc)

Essays
Legal provisions regarding framing of charge under section 228 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.According to Section 228(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, after considering the record of the case and after hearing the parties, if the Court considers that there is ground for presuming that the accused has committed an offence which; Image Source: cdn.playbuzz.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Is not exclusively triable by the Court of Session, he may, frame a charge against the accused and, by order, transfer the case for trial to the Chief Judicial Magistrate, or any other Judicial Magistrate of the first class and direct the accused to appear before the Chief Judicial Magistrate, or, as the case may be, the Judicial Magistrate of the first class, on such date as he deems fit,…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Understanding the Concept of Marriage under Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

Marriage
The concept of Hindu marriage, like any other institution did not remain unaffected in modem times owing to social changes which were the bye-products of early 20th century industrial revolution. Hindu Marriage which was considered to be a religious duty and a sacrament has undergone a change and it has lost its religious sanctity under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, which came into force on 18th May, 1955. The enactment is exhaustive. It is a landmark in the history of social legislation. Image Source: 1.bp.blogspot.comThe law contained in the Act is applicable to Hindus of every sect irrespective of howsoever progressive and unorthodox views they propound. It is thus applicable to Lingayats, Brahmas and Arya Samajists as well. It is applicable to all Hindus and the term Hindu in the…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

3 Main Conditions Required for a Valid Marriage under Old Hindu Law

Marriage
Under the old Hindu law only three essential conditions were required—(1) Identity of caste between the parties; ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Parties to marriage must be beyond the prohibited degrees of relationship i.e., they should not be of the same gotra or pravara, or sapinda of each other;(3) There must be proper performance of marital ceremonies. Image Source: vanderbilt.edu (I) Identity of Caste: If in a marriage bride and bridegroom did not belong to the same caste, the marriage was considered to be invalid unless sanctioned by custom.Ancient Hindu scriptures prohibited “Pratiloma marriage i.e., a marriage between a girl of higher caste and the boy of lower caste. But “Anuloma marriage i.e., males of higher caste and females of lower caste was permitted and recognised by the text. As the caste system…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Essay on the ‘Mitakshara’ School of Hindu Law

Identity
The Mitakshara written by Vijnaneshwar in the latter part of the eleventh century is a very comprehensive commentary which deals with all titles of Hindu law. Image Source: collegedunia.comIt is a running commentary on the Smriti of Yajnavalkya. Although the authority of Mitakshara was accepted throughout India, yet the exact practice of law differed in different parts of the country on account of differences in the customary rules followed by them. ADVERTISEMENTS: Hence the Mitakshara School itself was subjected to further sub-divisions and consequently five sub-schools developed in course of time. All the sub-schools regarded the authority of the Mitakshara as supreme but some differences between them particularly relating to adoption and inheritance made their emergence quite conspicuous. Every sub-school under the Mitakshara preferably acknowledged the authority of certain treatises…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Difference between “Fair Wage”, “Living Wage” and “Actual Wage”

Industry
Difference between “Fair Wage”, “Living Wage” and “Actual Wage” are described below: 1. Fair Wage: That level of wage which is sufficiently high to provide a standard family with food, shelter, clothing, medical care and education of children, appropriate to the workman but not at rate exceeding his wage earring capacity in the class of establishment of which he belongs. image source: syp.org.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: A fair wage is thus related to the earing capacity and work load. It should not be lower than the minimum wage in any case.So lower limit being the minimum wage, the upper limit would be set by what may broadly be called the capacity of industry to pay (i.e. living wage) depending not only on its present economic position but also on its future prospects.…
Read More
06Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Magistrates Authorized to Conduct Summary Trials (Section 260 of CrPc)

Essays
Legal provisions regarding magistrates authorized to conduct summary trials under section 260 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.According to Section 260(1) of the Code, notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure: Image Source: law2.byu.edu ADVERTISEMENTS: a) Any Chief Judicial Magistrate;(b) Any Metropolitan Magistrate;(c) Any Magistrate of the first class specially empowered in this behalf by the High Court, may try in a summary way any of the offences specified as (i) to (ix) in Section 260(1) of the Code (given below).Further, as per Section 261 of the Code, the High Court may confer on any Magistrate invested with the powers of a Magistrate of the second class power to try summarily any offence which is punishable only with fine, or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding…
Read More