Useful Notes on FDI-Related Entry Modes (Branch Office, Joint Venture, Wholly Subsidiary and Umbrella Holding Company)

Accounting
FDI-related entry mode involves actual ownership of property, projects, and businesses in a host country. An FDI project means greater control over the operations and involves higher risk and longer-term financial commitment as compared to earlier two entry modes. Image Source: i.ytimg.comOne goes in for FDI related mode only as part of grand strategy, hence takes a keen interest. FDI- related entry modes are – Branch office, joint venture, wholly owned subsidiary, and umbrella holding company. The Branch Office: ADVERTISEMENTS: “A branch office is a foreign entity in a host country in which it is not incorporated that exists as an extension of the parent and is legally constituted as a branch.” In many countries the corporate law allows such branch offices to engage into production and operating activities. However,…
Read More

Short Essay on Microbial Genetics

Biology
Genetics is a relatively new field of biology and most associate this science with Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-84), who was the first person to formulate any laws about how characteristics are passed from one generation to the next. This kind of study is often called Mendelian genetics.His work was not generally accepted until 1900, when three men working independently rediscovered some of the ideas that Mendel had formulated thirty years earlier.However, genetics was revolutionized in 1953 when, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed a chemical structure for DNA. Image Source: williambrownscienceoflife.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Their discovery made it possible to understand more clearly the chemical basis of heredity in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Since then the proposed double helix structure for DNA has become the cornerstone for explaining gene function, gene…
Read More

Life Sketch of Alauddin Khalji – Essay

Artists
Historians are not unanimous about the achievements, successes, works and policies of Alauddin Khalji but there is no denying the fact that he was one of the best Sultans of Delhi Sultanate. Elphins-tone remarks, “Alauddin’s reign was glorious and in spite of many absurd and oppressive measures he was, on the whole, a successful monarch, and exhibited a just exercise of his power.”Barani has also commented, “Alauddin could not read or write a letter, and was bad-tempered, obstinate and hard-hearted; fortune befriended him and his schemes were generally successful.” Historians like S. R. Sharma, Dr. K. S. Lai, Dr. R. C. Majumdar and Lanepoole have also praised him for his successes achieved during his life time which were great and unique in the sphere of territorial expansion and adminis­trative reforms.…
Read More

Alauddin Khilji Military Expeditions in India – Explained!

Marriage
Expedition to Deogiri: The Yadava ruler, Ram Chandra Deva, of Deogiri had promised to pay yearly tribute to Delhi Sultanate after his defeat in 1296 a.d., but he could not keep his word. Some scholars believe that Singhan Deva, eldest son of Raja Ram Chandra De.va, was responsible for non-payment of dues but a few historians believe that Raja Ram Chandra Deva was himself responsible for the lapse. He was encouraged because of some specific reasons not to pay the tribute to the Sultan of Delhi. The failure of the Muslims in Telengana and the incessant Mongol invasions were the chief reasons of non-payment of annual tribute. Image Source: 4.bp.blogspot.comAlauddin who was badly in need of money, was not prepared to bear this loss, so he ordered his Naib Malik…
Read More

Market Regulation and Price Control Policy of Alauddin Khilji

Currency
Alauddin was motivated to adopt the market regulations and price control policy due to the following factors and considerations: Image Source: grammarly.com1. Alauddin Khalji had organized a vast army in order to check the incessant invasions of the Mongols and to attain victories for the expansion of his territory. As the number of soldiers reached 4,75,000, the expenses in the army were enormous. No doubt, the Sultan had increased his income by introducing reforms in the revenue system and reduced the salaries of the soldiers but it too proved in­sufficient to meet the entire expenses of the Sultanate. Besides this, it was essential to make the lives of the soldiers comfortable to avoid revolts out of frustration. Hence he fixed the prices for the satis­faction of the soldiers. Barani writes…
Read More

Complete Biography of R.K. Narayan

Sculpture
Narayan is a classic teller of tales: R.K. Narayan regarded as one of the “Big three” among the Indian novelists in English has been admired for his remarkable gift for telling stories, portraying memorable people of small oddities and eccentricities, and for his humour. To tell a story engagingly is no mean gift for a novelist. image source: vicklinde.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Narayan’s fiction rarely addresses political issues or high philosophy. He writes with grace and humor, about a fictional town Malgudi and its inhabitants; and their little lives. Narayan is a classic teller of tales; an enduring appeal springs from his canvas where common men and women of all times and places are joined in their commonalty.Narayan had an extensive writing career marked with a rich literary output: Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Iyer…
Read More

Short Summary of “Swami and Friends” by R.K. Narayan

Construction
In the autumn of 1930, on a sudden spurt of inspiration, writing of his first novel Swami and Friends started. It was as if a window had opened, and through it Narayan saw a little town and its rail station, the Mempi Forest and the Nallapa’s Grove, the Albert Mission School, Market Road, the River Sarayu. Its inhabitants appeared, and Malgudi was born.Swami and Friends (1935) was published with the help of Graham Green. The novel registers all the small confusions and dislocations of the child reaching the end of an idyllic childhood and facing the grave tasks of adulthood. The setting that one day swam into Narayan’s view Malgudi, the colonial district town with its post office and bank and middle-class suburb and small roadside shops and low-caste slums…
Read More

Short Summary of “The Bachelor of Arts” by R.K. Narayan

Comedy
The world offers a more inscrutable fate in Narayan’s second novel, The Bachelor of Arts (1937), where the youthful energy and irony of the young graduate Chandran only take him so far. Narayan’s dislike for the colonial education Swami and Chandran receive seems to have hardened into conviction by now: the system of education churns out “clerks for business and administrative offices,” and reduces India to a “nation of morons.”But a lot of clerks is what a dependent economy needs; there is really no way out for the intelligent and sensitive Chandran, who joins, as reluctantly as Swami once did, other adolescent students in playing at being grown up and serious. He is not at ease in doing so; he feels “distaste for himself’ as the secretary of his college’s…
Read More

Short Speech on Globalisation

Finance
‘Globalisation has been the most widely used, misused, and abused word’. As a concept globalisation does not evoke a single image, instead an imagery of disparate meanings. Searching for a single definition of the word is a fruitless exercise, as it includes anything and everything. Image Source: djcadteam9.files.wordpress.comThe term has been used in a multiplicity of senses. We can think about economic definition, political definition, and managerial definition as ‘”globalisation is political, technological and cultural, as well as economic.” ADVERTISEMENTS: How do people view globalisation – some see it as a highly positive force leading to economic liberalism, political democracy, and cultural universalism; others see in its wake the rising power of transcorporations, integration of international finance, diffusion of technological innovations and the emergence of community culture around the world.Some…
Read More

Short Summary of “Dark Room” by R.K. Narayan

Marriage
The Dark Room (1938) presents a picture of domestic disharmony. Ramani, the office secretary of Engladia Insurance Company in Malgudi is very domineering and cynical in his ways. He governs his house according to his own sweet will. As he is always irritable, the atmosphere in his house is generally gloomy and his wife, Savitri, his children and servants are always remain in a state of terror.Savitri is a true symbol of traditional Indian womanhood. Savitri, whose place is in the dark room (kitchen), is a timid, silent suffering and sacrificing Indian wife. She is very beautiful and deeply devoted to her husband. Ramani, however, does not respond to her sentiments even with ordinary warmth. Through they have been married for fifteen years; his wife has received nothing from her…
Read More