01Dec 2018 by admin

The qualifying conditions for payment of gratuity to the employees in India

Essays
Every employee covered by the Act is entitled to receive gratuity after he has rendered continuous service for five year or more when his employment is terminated: (i) On his superannuation, or (ii) On his retirement or resignation, or ADVERTISEMENTS: (iii) On his death or disablement due to accident or disease. The qualifying condition of minimum five years continuous service is not necessary where the termination of the employment of any employee is due to death or disablement. For this purpose ‘disablement’ means such disablement as incapacitates an employee for the work which he was capable of performing before the accident or disease resulting in such disablement. In the case of death of an employee, gratuity payable to him is to be paid to his nominee, and if no nomination…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

7 Most Important Differences between Proviso and Exception

Writers
7 Most Important Differences between Proviso and Exception are given below:There are slight differences in between proviso and exception. Some writers opine that these differences are negligible, and they can be used as synonymously.While disposing Thibauit vs. Gibson (13 LJ (Ex) 2), Park J. clarified: “Whenever a statute inflicts a penalty for an offence created by it upon conviction before one or more Justices of the Peace, but there is an enacting clause of persons under particular circumstances, it is necessary to state in the information that the defendant is not within any of the exceptions. Image Source: cdn.theatlantic.com ADVERTISEMENTS: And it seems immaterial whether the exception be in the same section or in a preceding Act of Parliament referred to in the enacting clause. But where the exception is…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

What are the Basic Principles of Motion Economy? – Explained!

Plays
The process of minimizing the physical and perceptual loads imposed on people engaged in any type of work is known as Motion Economy. It could be in the office, the shop floor, the kitchen or at the driving wheel. This science leads to better design of equipment, jigs and fixtures, hand tools, furniture and labour saving devices.It also facilitates better layout of offices, warehouses, plants and operating areas like the office desk, work bench, aircraft, cockpit and crew compartments of armored fighting vehicles, etc. The application of the principles of Motion Economy eliminates or minimizes the wasteful and fatiguing movements and increases the productivity of workers. It insists on minimizing the movements with respect to:i. Number of movements ADVERTISEMENTS: ii. Length of movementsiii. Classification of movements Image Source: thyblackman.comiv. Number…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

Benefits and Defects of Network Analysis Technique in Systems Design

Management
Network analysis is a managerial technique which helps to identify the interconnecting links in a single system. It is a useful tool in systems design which assists in recognizing or identifying the relationships that exist among the sub-systems.It is done by describing each segment or linkage of the system in terms of other components or activities of the system. Thus, it makes explicit the total system and the interrelationships among the parts. A network is illustrated by a flow chart or diagram. The flow of materials and/or information is measured as volume, specifications or time. Benefits: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. It helps to reappraise existing systems and identify duplication and over-lapping that may detract from the effectiveness of the system design.2. It helps management to evaluate the sub-systems and their interconnecting networks…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

What is the Importance of Methods Study in Productivity Improvement

Design
As a productivity improvement step, Method Study helps to produce the same output using fewer resources or to produce more with proportionately less inputs. It reduces, if not eliminates waste. Method Study ensures creativity, innovativeness, optimal decision-making power, good organization practices and better communication. The following issues are the essential elements when carrying out a Method Study:1. Economic considerations2. Technical considerations ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Human reactions Role of Method Study: To summarize the above discussions, we can safely say that role of Method Study is:1. To appraise the purpose and objectives of the organization2. To assess the tasks of the organization ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. To evaluate the communication and control structure of the organization4. To optimize the use of resources of the organization5. To improve procedures, methods and processes of the organization6.…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

6 Main Procedures of Method Study Investigation to Improve Productivity

Management
The detailed procedures/steps involved in any Method Study investigation may be taken as: 1. Selection of the Job: The first step, once the Method Study idea is conceived, is the orientation and determination of objectives. The problem must be defined. Some common problems the Method Study investigator faces and is usually required to solve are:(a) Bottlenecks that disrupt smooth flow of materials or processes ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Products that need to be produced economically by the application of cost-reducing techniques(c) Economic utilization of space, including land and buildings(d) Economic utilization of labour, material and plant(e) Elimination of idle item or non-value adding time caused by problems of flow, queues and congestion Image Source: cdn.abclocal.go.com ADVERTISEMENTS: While selecting the subjects for study, firstly, it is essential to remember that the ultimate objective…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

The History of India's Mineral Sector – Explained!

Government
The History of India’s Mineral Sector – EssayThe history of mineral development is as old as the civilization. In case of India, the mineral production dates back to the ancient times as the mining activities can be traced as far back as 6,000 years or so. The remains of some of the old mine workings are a witness to this fact. A few of these workings have led to the discovery of a number of significant mineral deposits, which are being worked in the present time.These include the lead-zinc deposits at Zawar, copper deposits at Khetri, and gold deposits in Karnataka. Techniques used specially in smelting were in fact ahead of the time in which they were applied. Rust-free iron pillar in New Delhi is considered to date back to…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Gantt Charts?

Essays
This method, which was introduced in 1917, is the oldest and the most extensively used method for production planning, scheduling and control. The Gantt chart shows the relationship between different activities over a time span. Time frame, expressed either in terms of hours, days, weeks or months is shown on the horizontal or X-axis and activities are plotted against the Y-axis.The time frame or time scale would depend on the nature of operations and activities, which may be determined by the previous experience or an approximation based on which activities may be scheduled and monitored.The charts may be in the form of any of the following: ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Scheduling or progress charts, which show the sequence of job progress(b) Load charts which show the work assigned to a work group…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

5 Important Functions of Production Control

Management
5 Important Functions of Production Control are described below:1. Basic planning for developing policy decisions, stock holdings, delivery periods for customers, etc.2. Pre-production planning that includes capacity planning and also controlling the receiving of orders ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Ordering of make-and-buy items including direct ordering, requirements planning and stock control4. Manufacturing control, including:(a) Shop load analysis(b) Shortage control ADVERTISEMENTS: (c) Avoidance of potential delays(d) Production scheduling(e) Maintenance of progress records5. Inventory management and store keeping Image Source: asme-dscd.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Organizations that offer competitive delivery dates to their customers are bound to attract more business and show a healthy growth. When making such offers, organizations have to take into consideration the sequence of activities associated with manufacturing and delivering the product. This production chart then needs to be matched with the quoted…
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01Dec 2018 by admin

Useful Notes on “Capacity Planning”

Design
Capacity planning is done to estimate the requirements of machines and manpower so as to achieve the production targets. In helps to determine capacity and adjustment of capacity matching resource availability, to cope with demand fluctuation.With a stable demand pattern, the task of capacity planning becomes easier, while with a fluctuating demand, the task becomes complicated for obvious efforts required to the optimal utilization of available resources or new resource acquisition, as maybe case.Excess capacity would minimize productivity; whereas, under-capacity would put strain on customer services and long-term growth and profitability of the organization. For effective capacity planning, production and operations managers need to consider factors like, machine standards, production cycle time, labour productivity, multiplicity of shifts, plant efficiency, scheduling delays, maintenance problem, power failure, absenteeism problem, other eventual manufacturing…
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