Category: Government

Co-operation is one of the most important lessons a school should provide to its students. Co-operative societies provide practical knowledge concerning co-operative living.If possible, a school should have a co-operative society where students learn and work through actual practice under careful supervision of a teacher how a co-operative society is run. ADVERTISEMENTS: If one of the teachers takes keen interest in this and shows enthusiasm, running a co-operative society will not be a difficult task. A school co-operative society can deal with books and stationery which can be purchased by a school or by students acting as shareholders, and sold by students.Selling of books can be done at a specific space and at a specific time. Accounts of buying and selling or income and expenditure are to be maintained under…

In general terms, bribery means exchange of cash, material or goods in return of a favour that is otherwise impossible or hard to attain. However much we say that we are against bribery, against giving or taking any kind of bribe, deep down we all know that we are either accepting or offering bribe in a way or the other.It is nearly impossible to find a person who has neither given nor accepted any kind of bribe in his entire lifetime. If you want your kid to get admitted in a better school, you offer bribe, if you want a seat allotted in a train, you offer bribe, if you want to get rid of the crimes you have committed, you offer bribes; as a matter of fact, there is…

Indian Union has acquired an important place in civil aviation among the nations of the world. With its vast distances and favourable climate throughout, India provides an ideal field for air transport.Indian Union has four airports at Mumbai (Santa Cruz and Sahar), Kolkata, (Netaji Subhash Air Port), Chennai (Kamraj Airport) and Delhi (Indira Gandhi International Airport and Domestic airport) maintained on international standards by the International Airport Authority, Lucknow, Nagpur, Patna, Visakhapatnam, Varanasi, Panaji, Jammu, Srinagar Pune, Aurangabad, Bhopal are other important airports. In all there are 85 aerodromes.The most important feature of aviation in India is the night air mail services to Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Nagpur is the meeting place for the exchange of mails. Nationalisation of air services had been effected in August, 1953, when all…

Minor is a person who has not completed the age of 18 years and in the case of a minor of whose person or property a guardian has been appointed by a court or whose property is under the Court of Wards the age of majority is completion of 21 years. (S. 3, Indian Majority Act, 1875).Explanation 1 to R. 1 of O. 32 lays down that in this Order “minor” means a person who has not attained his majority within the meaning of S. 3 of the Indian Majority Act, 1875, where the suit relates to any of the matters mentioned in cls. (a) and (b) of S. 2 of that Act or to any other matters.Clauses (a) and (b) of Section 2 of the Indian Majority Act, 1875,…

The prescribed modes of service of summons are as follows: 1. Personal or Direct Service: ADVERTISEMENTS: Wherever it is practicable, service should be made on the defendant in person, unless he has an agent empowered to accept service in which case service on such agent shall be sufficient. Where there are two or more defendants, service should be made on each defendant. (O. 5, rr. 10, 11).Where the defendant is absent from his residence at the time when the service of summons is sought to be effected on him at his residence and there is no likelihood of his being found at the residence within a reasonable time and he has no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, service may be made on any adult…

The general rule is that limitation begins to run from the accrual of the cause of action; and if once it has commenced to run, no subsequent even will stop its running and the period of limitation is to be computed from the date of the accrual of cause of action.But sometimes, owing to some exceptional circumstances the operation of limitation is suspended, i.e., certain portions of the time during which the exceptional circums­tances exist are allowed to be excluded in the computation of the period of limitation e.g., the time during which the defen­dant has been absent from India is excluded in computing the period of limitation.In case of suspension the already elapsed period is not ignored, but is added to the period which follows suspension. Sometime, exceptional circumstances…

Attempts to commit offences: Section 511 lays down that “whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Code with imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause such an of­fence to be committed, are in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such attempt, be punished with imprisonment of any description provided for the offence, for a term which may extend to one half of the imprisonment for life or, as the case may be, one-half of the longest term of imprisonment provided for that offence, with such fine as is provided for the offence, or with both.” Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.comThe points which require proof under the above section are (1)…

The offence of criminal misappropriation consists in dishonest misappropriation or conversion to his own use any movable property. [S. 403], it takes place when the possession has been innocently come by, but by a subsequent change of intention, or from the knowledge of some new fact with which the party was not previously acquainted, the retaining becomes wrongful and fraudulent. A takes property belonging to Z out of Z does possession in good faith believe, at the time when he takes it, that the property belongs to himself.A is not guilty of theft; but if A, after discovering his mistake dishonestly appropriates the property to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under Section 403 of dishonest misappropriation of property. Similarly A and B, being joint owners of…

Offences against the State: The offences against the State may be classified as under: Image Source: cdn.shareyouressays.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Waging or attempting or conspiring to wage or collecting men and ammunition to wage war against the Government of India (Ss. 121, 121-A, 122 and 123); 2. Assaulting President, or Governor of any State with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power (S. 124); 3. Sedition (S. 124-A); 4.War against a power at peace with the Government of India or committing depredations on the territories of such power (Ss. 125-126); and 5. Permitting or aiding or negligently suffering the escape of, or rescuing or harbouring a State prisoner. (Ss. 128-130). Ingredients of the offence of waging war against Govern­ment: The waging of war is the attempt to…

Environmental education is given for the sake of the preservation of environment through the environment itself the living creatures who could not adjust themselves with their environment are now extinct. Image Source: treesatlanta.orgThe environment, itself, is a kind of teacher. Through the medium of consequences the environment teaches man that by disturbing the balance in the environment he harms himself. Through environmental education an attempt is made to help a student to adjust himself with the environment. ADVERTISEMENTS: In other words, the student is taught about the methods of acquiring the desirable control over his environment. When a child sees a monkey and expresses curiosity about it, then to explain the relevant aspects about it is to give him education through a unit of the environment.We often learn many new…